EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA प्राचीन भारतीय शिक्षा
EDUCATION IN ANCIENT INDIA
प्राचीन भारतीय शिक्षा
CONCEPTS & EXTRACTS IN HINDUISM
By :: Pt. Santosh Bhardwaj
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ॐ गं गणपतये नम:।अक्षरं परमं ब्रह्म ज्योतीरूपं सनातनम्।
निराकारं स्वेच्छामयमनन्तजम्॥
कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन।
मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भुर्मा ते संगोऽस्त्वकर्मणि।
[श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता 2.47]
It was unique and unparalleled. The Guru (teacher, educator, trainer, instructor, guide) used to have his abode in deep woods, called Ashram or Guru Kul. Guru used to be a revered person of imminence and looked by the society in high esteem. He was a honoured person and commanded high respect in the country. He was known and recognised far and wide. In some cases he used to be Raj Guru and Raj Purohit (Priest), simultaneously.
Students-Brahmchary, from elite, Brahmn, Dwij, Kshatriy families, were sent to the Ashram by their parents to acquire knowledge, after rituals and prayers. They prepared own hut. Sometimes the hut was shared by fellow Brahmcharies-celibate, as well. They were recognised by the Dand (straight piece of wood), in their hand, investiture in the waist, long hair and nails.
Guru used to be a revered person of imminence and looked by the society in high esteem. He was a honoured person and commanded high respect in the country. He was known and recognised far and wide. In some cases he used to be Raj Guru and Raj Purohit (Priest), simultaneously.
Students did farming, cattle breeding, daily chores and all other functions required to sustain life in the Ashram. They were called Brahmcharies. They had to visit villages for begging-alms.
Ashram was termed as Guru Grah (Home) or Guru Kul. It used to function as a self sufficient economy. Invaders did not disturb its peace and harmony, in general. Emperors and kings used to seek the advice of the Guru on vital issues. Guru was invited at the time of coronation of the prince and the king as well. The Guru and the Ashram were looked with honour, respect and admiration. The King offered him higher seat than his own and preferred to stand in front of him, after him after washing his feet.
Grants from the king, donations from the rich, businessmen and Dakshina from the Graduates were utilised to sustain the activities of the Guru Kul. Parents used to offer gifts to the Achary as per their wish.
Brahmchary had to participate in collection of woods for cooking, agriculture, milking cows, grazing of cow herds, bringing water for cooking, cleaning of cow sheds, preparation of dung cakes, cleaning etc.
The Brahmchary had to get up early in the morning in Brahm Muhurt and fresh himself, after cleaning the Kutia-hut and the Ashram. It used to be a collective exercise. It used to follow the recitation of sacred Mantr, hymens, sacred verses and Agnihotr. Agriculture, farming involved tiling the soil, watering, levelling, application of manures, protection from birds and stray, wild animals, harvesting, storing and grinding as per need.
Yogic exercises were an integral part of daily routine, to keep fit.
Learning involved listening, remembering, writing, practicing and narrating it to the Guru and the fellow Brahmcharies. Emphasis was on sharpening and improving of memory. Learning by heart was a preferred practice. It was believed that intelligence can be improved by practice, concentration, meditation, asceticism and dedication. Understanding the text and its application were essential.
Discipline of body, mind and soul were practiced. Obedience to the Guru and Guru Mata were taught from the very beginning. Brahmcharies helped the Guru Mata in preparation and serving of foods and daily chores. Alms collected from the villagers were presented to the Guru Mata.
Shashtr-scriptures (Ved, Puran, Upnishad, Divine Literature, Vedant etc.) Vidya, Shshtr (weaponry, archery, fire arms, aster etc.) Vidya, 64 Kala (arts), Gyan (worldly knowledge)-Vigyan (Science) were taught as integral part of the curriculum-syllabus.
RENOWNED GURU & TAUGHT :: Dev Guru Brahaspati-Demigods, Shukracharya-Demons & Rakhachsh, Vashishth-Bhagwan Ram, Bhrat, Laxman and Shatrughan, Sury-Hanuman Ji, Balmiki-Luv and Kush sons of Bhagwan Ram, Pershuram-Dev Vrat Bhishm and Karn, Dronachary and Krapachary-Kaurav and Pandev, Sandeepan-Bhagwan Shri Krashn and Balram, Balram Ji-Duryodhan, Achary Var Ruchi (Katyayan)-Maha Nand, Vishnu Gupt (Chanky, Kautily)-Chandr Gupt Maury.
In Buddhist period Universities named Takshila and Nalanda were known the world over for the quality and highest standards of education. It was during this period that the system of Upadhayay (teaching at home) came into existence.
Shounak Ji had 84,000 Rishi & Muni (taught) in his Ashram.
SHIKSHASHTKAM शिक्षाष्टकम् ::
चेतोदर्पणमार्जनं भव-महादावाग्नि-निर्वापणम्श्रेयः कैरवचन्द्रिकावितरणं विद्यावधू-जीवनम्। आनंदाम्बुधिवर्धनं प्रतिपदं पूर्णामृतास्वादनम्स र्वात्मस्नपनं परं विजयते श्रीकृष्ण-संकीर्तनम्॥1॥
चित्त रूपी दर्पण को स्वच्छ करने वाले, भव रूपी महान अग्नि को शांत करने वाले, चन्द्र किरणों के समान श्रेष्ठ, विद्या रूपी वधु के जीवन स्वरुप, आनंद सागर में वृद्धि करने वाले, प्रत्येक शब्द में पूर्ण अमृत के समान सरस, सभी को पवित्र करने वाले श्रीकृष्ण कीर्तन की विजय हो।
Let Shri Krashn recitation-singing of prayers-rhymes of the Ultimately victorious which cleanses dust off mind, extinguishes the formidable fire of repeated birth and death, glorious like rays of the moon, gives life to knowledge, increases the ocean of bliss, has every word sweet like nectar-elixir and makes everybody holy-pious-righteous-virtuous-truthful-honest-devoted.
नाम्नामकारि बहुधा निज सर्व शक्तिस्तत्रार्पिता नियमितः स्मरणे न कालः। एतादृशी तव कृपा भगवन्ममापि दुर्दैवमीदृश-मिहाजनि नानुरागः॥2॥
हे प्रभु, आपने अपने अनेक नामों में अपनी शक्ति भर दी है, जिनका किसी समय भी स्मरण किया जा सकता है। हे भगवन्, आपकी इतनी कृपा है, परन्तु मेरा इतना दुर्भाग्य है कि मुझे उन नामों से इससे पूर्व प्रेम नहीं हो सका।
Hey Almighty, you have filled your many names with all your power, which can be remembered any time. Oh God! You are so kind to do it but I am so unfortunate that I could not love your beautiful names, earlier.
तृणादपि सुनीचेन तरोरपि सहिष्णुना।
अमानिना मानदेन कीर्तनीयः सदा हरिः॥3॥
स्वयं को तृण से भी छोटा समझते हुए, वृक्ष जैसे सहिष्णु रहते हुए, कोई अभिमान न करते हुए और दूसरों का सम्मान करते हुए सदा श्रीहरि का भजन करना चाहिए।
One should assume himself to be smaller than straw, being more tolerant than trees, devoid of pride and respecting others and should always sing in the praise of Shri Hari.
न धनं न जनं न सुन्दरीं कवितां वा जगदीश कामये।
मम जन्मनि जन्मनीश्वरे भवताद् भक्तिरहैतुकी त्वयि॥4॥
हे जगत के ईश्वर! मैं धन, अनुयायी, स्त्रियों या कविता की इच्छा न रखूँ। हे प्रभु, मुझे जन्म जन्मान्तर में आपसे ही अकारण प्रेम हो।
Hey the creator of the universe! I do not desire money, followers, women or poems. Oh God! I only wish to have causeless devotion for you in my all future births.
अयि नन्दतनुज किंकरं पतितं मां विषमे भवाम्बुधौ।
कृपया तव पादपंकज-स्थितधूलिसदृशं विचिन्तय॥5॥
हे नन्द के पुत्र, इस दुर्गम भव-सागर में पड़े हुए मुझ सेवक को अपने चरण कमलों में स्थित धूलि कण के समान समझ कर कृपा कीजिये।
Hey the son of Nand, consider me as your eternal servant, bound in this ocean of birth and death, please show your mercy accepting me as a dust-particle in your lotus feet.
नयनं गलदश्रुधारया वदनं गदगदरुद्धया गिरा।
पुलकैर्निचितं वपुः कदा तव नाम-ग्रहणे भविष्यति॥6॥
हे प्रभु, कब आपका नाम लेने पर मेरी आँखों के आंसुओं से मेरा चेहरा भर जायेगा, कब मेरी वाणी हर्ष से अवरुद्ध हो जाएगी, कब मेरे शरीर के रोम खड़े हो जायेंगे।
Oh the Almighty! When will the tears in eyes cover my face on reciting your name, when will my voice choke up and when will the hair of my body stand erect on reciting your name!?
युगायितं निमेषेणचक्षुषा प्रावृषायितम्।
शून्यायितं जगत् सर्वंगोविन्द विरहेण मे॥7॥
श्रीकृष्ण के विरह में मेरे लिए एक क्षण एक युग के समान है, आँखों में जैसे वर्षा ऋतु आई हुई है और यह विश्व एक शून्य के समान है।
Hey Shri Krashn! Separation for a moment looks like ages. Tears are flowing from my eyes like torrents of rain and all this world seems meaningless.
आश्लिष्य वा पादरतां पिनष्टु मामदर्शनान्-मर्महतां करोतु वा।
यथा तथा वा विदधातु लम्पटो मत्प्राणनाथस्-तु स एव नापरः॥8॥
उनके चरणों में प्रीति रखने वाले मुझ सेवक का वह आलिंगन करें या न करें, मुझे अपने दर्शन दें या न दें, मुझे अपना मानें या न मानें, वह चंचल, नटखट श्रीकृष्ण ही मेरे प्राणों के स्वामी हैं, कोई दूसरा नहीं।
Whether HE embraces me as a devotee of HIS feet or not, whether HE appears before me or not, whether HE accepts me as HIS own or not, the naughty Shri Krashn is my Master and non else.
ANCIENT-OLDEST LANGUAGE OF DIVINITY SANSKART संस्कृत :: This is a language, which is the most ancient-scientific. Its origin is traced to the time of evolution-time immemorial, of the universe. Its a language at the root of each and every language of the world, what to talk of most Indian languages. Sanskrit is not synonym to the Hindu religion, a Brahmn or an upper caste monopoly. Who so ever is interested and desirous of gaining knowledge pertaining to it, is free to do so. Scriptures and Purans, allow each and ever one to acquire the knowledge of this language. Latin, Greek, Hibbru have remarkable similarities, with the composition of words with it.
This is the only language of the word which is absolutely scientific and which can be understood by a computer, completely-thoroughly.
One should be talented enough along with interest, to learn and understand this language. Most of the sacred verses, Shlok, text, chants, are in the form of formulae. One can decode them easily, if blessed with the desire to do so. It has vast source of knowledge, which is base of all scientific development, even today. A number of scientific formula, theorems, laws have been traced in them, which bear the names of present day propagators. Most curious aspect of the Shlok, Verses, Rhymes present in scriptures is that, they are not merely words. In fact, they are the keys to mysterious formulations which opens up-activate, with correct wave length, frequency, intensity vibrations-modulation, pronunciation in the air-through speech, matches, just like pressing the keys of computer, remote of TV, mobile phone. As one can activate-deactivate his phone through some sounds-connotations-syllables, it too works. They are hidden but not lost. They are passed on, from one generations to another to prevent misuse-danger to humanity.
Sanskrat has every right to be put on the same plane as these two classical European languages, giving Indian youngsters the benefit of its infinite-unlimited vast, wisdom.
Scriptures have elaborated at length how the alphabets, digits, vowels, consonants, letters, syllables, emerged. One would easily find out similarities in Sanskrit and English digits-numerals. Syllables, vowels, consonants appeared first followed by various sections of grammar, which have been understood and scripted in Purans at length.
Yudhister mimansak has enlisted 80 people, who contributed to Sanskrit grammar at different stages. Achary Panini's Ashtadhyayi too elaborate the contributions of 10 other-enlightened teachers of different era'. Ashtadhyayi (a composition in 8 sections chapters) is considered to be a computing program by many learned people of today.
Efforts to understand-decipher may continue.
संस्कृत के कुछ विशेष श्लोक ::
क:खगीघाङ्चिच्छौजाझाञ्ज्ञोSटौठीडढण:।
तथोदधीन पफर्बाभीर्मयोSरिल्वाशिषां सह॥
पक्षियों का प्रेम, शुद्ध बुद्धि का, दूसरे का बल अपहरण करने में पारंगत, शत्रु-संहारकों में अग्रणी, मन से निश्चल तथा निडर और महासागर का सर्जन करनार कौन? राजा मय! जिसको शत्रुओं के भी आशीर्वाद मिले हैं।
संस्कृत वर्णमाला के सभी 33 व्यंजन इस श्लोक में दिखाई दे रहे हैं, वो भी क्रमानुसार। यह खूबसूरती केवल और केवल संस्कृत जैसी समृद्ध भाषा में ही देखने को मिल सकती है।
न नोननुन्नो नुन्नोनो नाना नानानना ननु।
नुन्नोऽनुन्नो ननुन्नेनो नानेना नुन्ननुन्ननुत्॥
जो मनुष्य युद्ध में अपने से दुर्बल मनुष्य के हाथों घायल हुआ है वह सच्चा मनुष्य नहीं है। ऐसे ही अपने से दुर्बल को घायल करता है वो भी मनुष्य नहीं है। घायल मनुष्य का स्वामी यदि घायल न हुआ हो तो ऐसे मनुष्य को घायल नहीं कहते और घायल मनुष्य को घायल करें वो भी मनुष्य नहीं है। इसमें केवल एक ही अक्षर का प्रयोग किया गया है।[किरातार्जुनीयम् काव्य संग्रह]
दाददो दुद्द्दुद्दादि दादादो दुददीददोः।
दुद्दादं दददे दुद्दे ददादददोऽददः॥
दान देने वाले, खलों को उपताप देने वाले, शुद्धि देने वाले, दुष्ट्मर्दक भुजाओं वाले, दानी तथा अदानी दोनों को दान देने वाले, राक्षसों का खंडन करने वाले ने, शत्रु के विरुद्ध शस्त्र को उठाया।
भूरिभिर्भारिभिर्भीराभूभारैरभिरेभिरे भेरीरे। भिभिरभ्राभैरभीरुभिरिभैरिभा:॥
निर्भय हाथी जो की भूमि पर भार स्वरूप लगता है, अपने वजन के चलते, जिसकी आवाज नगाड़े की तरह है और जो काले बादलों सा है, वह दूसरे दुश्मन हाथी पर आक्रमण कर रहा है।[माघ कवि, शिशुपालवधम् महाकाव्य]
क्रोरारिकारी कोरेककारक कारिकाकर।
कोरकाकारकरक: करीर कर्करोऽकर्रुक॥
क्रूर शत्रुओं को नष्ट करने वाला, भूमि का एक कर्ता, दुष्टों को यातना देने वाला, कमलमुकुलवत, रमणीय हाथ वाला, हाथियों को फेंकने वाला, रण में कर्कश, सूर्य के समान तेजस्वी था।
देवानां नन्दनो देवो नोदनो वेदनिंदिनां।
दिवं दुदाव नादेन दाने दानवनंदिनः॥
वह परमात्मा-विष्णु जो दूसरे देवों को सुख प्रदान करता है और जो वेदों को नहीं मानते उनको कष्ट प्रदान करता है। वह स्वर्ग को उस ध्वनि नाद से भर देता है, जिस तरह के नाद से उसने दानव-हिरण्यकशिपु को मारा था।
संस्कृत इस पूरी दुनिया की सभी प्राचीन भाषाओं की जननी है। यह विश्व की अकेली ऐसी भाषा है, जिसमें अभिधान-सार्थकता मिलती है; अर्थात् अमुक वस्तु की अमुक संज्ञा या नाम क्यों है, यह प्रायः सभी शब्दों में मिलता है। जैसे इस विश्व का नाम संसार है तो इसलिये है क्यूँकि वह चलता रहता है, परिवर्तित होता रहता है :-
संसरतीति संसारः गच्छतीति जगत् आकर्षयतीति
कृष्णः रमन्ते योगिनो यस्मिन् स रामः इत्यादि।
मातॄभाषा MOTHER TONGUE :: पेट भरने के लिये भाषा है, भाषा के लिये पेट नहीं है। मुसलमानों के वक्त उर्दू थी। अंग्रेजों ने अंग्रेजी को आगे बढ़ाया। आज भारत कहने को आजाद है, मगर शासन अब भी अंग्रेजों का है। सोनिया नाम रख लेने से कोई हिंदुस्तानी नहीं हो जाता। भारत में 3,500 से ज्यादा भाषायें बोली जाती हैं और 30 से ज्यादा मान्यता प्राप्त प्रादेशिक भाषायें हैं। मगर अन्तर राष्ट्रीय भाषा केवल अंग्रेजी है। हिंदी एक मात्र भाषा है जो पूरे मुल्क में समझी और बोली जाती है अब आप इसे राष्ट्रीय भाषा माने या न माने इससे कोई फर्क नहीं पड़ता।आज के जमाने में, कमाने के लिये मातॄ भाषा के अलावा अन्तर्राष्ट्रीय के साथ-साथ राष्ट्रीय को जानना भी जरूरी है। संकुचित द्रष्टिकोण रखने वाले न खुद तरक्की करते हैं और न दूसरों को करने देते हैं। जो लोग अंग्रेजी का ज्ञान प्राप्त करके विदेशों में जा रहे हैं वे बेरोजगारी कम करने के साथ साथ बहुमूल्य विदेशी मुद्रा का अर्जन भी करते हैं।
FACTS PERTAINING TO SANSKRAT LANGUAGE संस्कृत भाषा से संबंधित कुछ तथ्य :: Its a divine language, which is extensively described in Purans. Each and every detail pertaining to the alphabets is available in detail. One may be enlightened through the following illustrations.
मात्र 3,000 वर्ष पूर्व तक भारत में संस्कृत बोली जाती थी तभी तो ईसा से 500 वर्ष पूर्व पाणिणी ने दुनिया का पहला व्याकरण ग्रंथ लिखा था, जो संस्कृत का था। इसका नाम ‘अष्टाध्यायी’ है।
संस्कृत, (Etarnal Language) विश्व की सबसे पुरानी पुस्तक (ऋग्वेद) की भाषा है। इसलिये इसे विश्व की प्रथम भाषा मानने में कहीं किसी संशय की संभावना नहीं है।
इसकी सुस्पष्ट व्याकरण और वर्णमाला की वैज्ञानिकता के कारण सर्वश्रेष्ठता भी स्वयं सिद्ध है।
संस्कृत ही एक मात्र साधन हैं जो क्रमशः अंगुलियों एवं जीभ को लचीला बनाते हैं।
संस्कृत अध्ययन करने वाले छात्रों को गणित, विज्ञान एवं अन्य भाषाएँ ग्रहण करने में सहायता मिलती है।
संस्कृत केवल एक मात्र भाषा नहीं है अपितु संस्कृत एक विचार है संस्कृत एक संस्कृति है एक संस्कार है संस्कृत में विश्व का कल्याण है शांति है सहयोग है वसुदैव कुटुम्बकम् कि भावना है।
नासा का कहना है की 6th और 7th generation super computers संस्कृत भाषा पर आधारित होंगे
संस्कृत विद्वानों के अनुसार सौर परिवार के प्रमुख सूर्य के एक ओर से 9 रश्मियां (Beams of light) निकलती हैं और ये चारों ओर से अलग-अलग निकलती हैं। इस तरह कुल 36 रश्मियां हो गईं। इन 36 रश्मियों के ध्वनियों पर संस्कृत के 36 स्वर बने।
कहा जाता है कि अरबी भाषा को कंठ से और अंग्रेजी को केवल होंठों से ही बोला जाता है, किंतु संस्कृत में वर्णमाला को स्वरों की आवाज के आधार पर कवर्ग, चवर्ग, टवर्ग, तवर्ग, पवर्ग, अंतःस्थ और ऊष्म वर्गों में बांटा गया है।
संस्कृत उत्तराखंड की आधिकारिक राज्य (official state) भाषा है।
अरब आक्रमण से पहले संस्कृत भारत की राष्ट्रभाषा थी।
कर्नाटक के मट्टुर (Mattur) गाँव में आज भी लोग संस्कृत में ही बोलते हैं।
जर्मनी के 14 विश्वविद्यालय लोगों की भारी मांग पर संस्कृत (Sanskrit) की शिक्षा उपलब्ध करवा रहे हैं लेकिन आपूर्ति से ज्यादा मांग होने के कारन वहाँ की सरकार संस्कृत (Sanskrat) सीखने वालों को उचित शिक्षण व्यवस्था नहीं दे पा रही है।
हिन्दू युनिवर्सिटी के अनुसार संस्कृत में बात करने वाला मनुष्य बीपी, मधुमेह, कोलेस्ट्रॉल आदि रोग से मुक्त हो जाएगा।
संस्कृत में बात करने से मानव शरीर का तंत्रिका तंत्र सक्रिय रहता है। जिससे कि व्यक्ति का शरीर सकारात्मक आवेश के साथ सक्रिय हो जाता है।
यूनेस्को (UNESCO) ने भी मानवता की अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक विरासत की अपनी सूची में संस्कृत वैदिक जाप को जोड़ने का निर्णय लिया गया है।यूनेस्को (UNESCO) ने माना है कि संस्कृत भाषा में वैदिक जप मानव मन, शरीर और आत्मा पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ता है।
शोध से पाया गया है कि संस्कृत (Sanskrat) पढ़ने से स्मरण शक्ति (याददाश्त) बढ़ती है।
संस्कृत वाक्यों में शब्दों की किसी भी क्रम में रखा जा सकता है। इससे अर्थ का अनर्थ होने की बहुत कम या कोई भी सम्भावना नहीं होती। ऐसा इसलिए होता है क्योंकि सभी शब्द विभक्ति और वचन के अनुसार होते हैं। जैसे :- अहं गृहं गच्छामि या गच्छामि गृहं अहं दोनों ही ठीक हैं।
संस्कृत भाषा में किसी भी शब्द के समानार्थी शब्दों की संख्या सर्वाधिक है. जैसे हाथी शब्द के लिए संस्कृत में 100 से अधिक समानार्थी शब्द हैं।
देवभाषा संस्कृत का प्रयोग अंतरिक्ष सम्बन्धी अनुसन्धान में होने की पूरी संभावना है। इसके वैज्ञानिक पहलू को जानकर-समझकर अमेरिका के नासा अंतरिक्ष वैज्ञानिक इसका प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। अमरीकी संस्था की एक शाखा इसके आवश्यक पहलुओं का अनुसन्धान कर। रही है रही है। संस्कृत के माध्यम से किसी भी सन्देश-आदेश-विवरण को सूत्र के रूप में कंप्यूटर के जरिए कोई भी संदेश कम से कम शब्दों में प्रसारित किया जा सकता है। ज्ञातव्य है कि कुछ स्कूलों में नर्सरी कक्षा से ही से ही संस्कृत की शिक्षा शुरू की गई है। नासा के-मिशन संस्कृत की पुष्टि का उल्लेख उसकी वेबसाइट पर भी है, जिससे स्पष्ट है कि पिछले वर्षों में नासा संस्कृत पर काफी अनुसन्धान कर रहा है। इसको कंप्यूटर प्रयोग के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ भाषा मानने उल्लेख भी किया गया है।
नासा के वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार जब वो अंतरिक्ष ट्रैवलर्स को मैसेज भेजते थे, तो उनके वाक्य उलट हो जाते थे। इस वजह से मैसेज का अर्थ ही बदल जाता था। उन्होंने कई भाषाओं का प्रयोग किया लेकिन हर बार यही समस्या आई। आखिर में उन्होंने संस्कृत में मैसेज भेजा क्योंकि संस्कृत के वाक्य उलटे हो जाने पर भी अपना अर्थ नहीं बदलते हैं। जैसा के ऊपर बताया गया है।
(1). फोर्ब्स पत्रिका ने 1987 में कहा कि, कंप्यूटर में इस्तेमाल के लिए यह सबसे अच्छी भाषा।
(2). जर्मन स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी के अनुसार हिंदू कैलेंडर सर्व श्रेष्ठ है, जिसमें नया साल सौर प्रणाली के भूवैज्ञानिक परिवर्तन के साथ शुरू होता है। इसकी विस्तृत जानकारी इन्हीं ब्लॉग्स के हिन्दुइज्म नामक पाठ में दर्ज है।
(3). अमेरीकन हिन्दु यूनिवर्सिटी ने शोध के बाद दावा किया है कि संस्कृत में बात करने से व्यक्ति स्वस्थ और बीपी, मधुमेह, कोलेस्ट्रॉल आदि जैसे रोग से मुक्त हो जाएगा। इसमें में बातचीत करने से मानव शरीर का तंत्रिका तंत्र सक्रिय रहता है जिससे कि व्यक्ति का शरीर सकारात्मक आवेश (धनात्मक, Positive Charges) के साथ सक्रिय हो जाता है।
(4). रशियन स्टेट यूनिवर्सिटी, नासा आदि का मानना है कि संस्कृत भाषा में पुस्तकों-ग्रन्थों यथा वेद, ब्राह्मण, उपनिषद, श्रुति, स्मृति, पुराण, महाभारत, रामायण आदि में सबसे उन्नत व्याकरण प्रौद्योगिकी (Technology) प्रयुक्त की गई है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि नासा के पास 60,000 ताड़ के पत्तों की पांडुलिपियों हैं, जिनका अध्ययन वैज्ञानिक आधार-तरीकों से किया जा रहा हैं। कुछ असत्यापित रिपोर्ट्स के अनुसार रूसी, जर्मन, जापानी, अमेरिकी सक्रिय रूप से हमारी पवित्र पुस्तकों से नई चीजों पर शोध कर रहे हैं और उन्हें वापस दुनिया के सामने अपने नाम से रख रहे हैं। दुनिया के 17 देशों में एक या अधिक संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय संस्कृत के बारे में अध्ययन और नई प्रौद्योगिकी प्राप्त करने के लिए है, लेकिन संस्कृत को समर्पित उसके वास्तविक अध्ययन के लिए एक भी संस्कृत विश्वविद्यालय भारत में नहीं है।
(5). यूएनओ के अनुसार दुनिया की लगभग सभी भाषाओं की माँ संस्कृत है। सभी भाषाएँ (97%) प्रत्यक्ष या परोक्ष रूप से इस भाषा से प्रभावित है।
(6). नासा वैज्ञानिक द्वारा जारी-प्रसारित एक रिपोर्ट के अनुसार अमेरिका 6 और 7 वीं पीढ़ी के सुपर कंप्यूटर संस्कृत भाषा पर आधारित बना रहा है जिससे सुपर कंप्यूटर अपनी अधिकतम सीमा तक उपयोग किया जा सके। परियोजना की समय सीमा 2025 (6 पीढ़ी के लिए) और 2034 (7 वीं पीढ़ी के लिए) है, इसके बाद दुनिया भर में संस्कृत सीखने के लिए एक भाषा क्रांति होगी।
7. फोर्ब्स पत्रिका के 1985 में प्रकाशित अंकानुसार, दुनिया में अनुवाद के उद्देश्य के लिए उपलब्ध सबसे अच्छी भाषा संस्कृत है।
(8). संस्कृत भाषा वर्तमान में "उन्नत किर्लियन फोटोग्राफी" तकनीक में इस्तेमाल की जा रही है। वर्तमान में, उन्नत किर्लियन फोटोग्राफी तकनीक सिर्फ रूस और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका में ही मौजूद हैं जबकि भारत के पास आज "सरल किर्लियन फोटोग्राफी" भी नहीं है
(9). अमेरिका, रूस, स्वीडन, जर्मनी, ब्रिटेन, फ्रांस, जापान और ऑस्ट्रिया वर्तमान में भरतनाट्यम और नटराज के महत्व के बारे में शोध कर रहे हैं। नटराज भगवान शिव का कॉस्मिक नृत्य है। जिनेवा में संयुक्त राष्ट्र कार्यालय के सामने नटराज की एक मूर्ति-प्रतिमा है।
(10). ब्रिटेन वर्तमान में हमारे श्री चक्र पर आधारित एक रक्षा प्रणाली पर शोध कर रहा है। लेकिन यहाँ यह बात अवश्य सोचने की है,की आज जहाँ पूरे विश्व में संस्कृत पर शोध चल रहे हैं,रिसर्च हो रहीं हैं वहीँ हमारे देश के नेता संस्कृत को मृत भाषा बताते हैं।
(11). संस्कृत धर्म-कर्म की भाषा ही नहीं अपितु लौकिक प्रयोजनों की भाषा भी है। ज्ञान-विज्ञान, चिकित्सा, गणित, ज्योतिष, व्याकरण, दशर्न आदि की महत्वपूर्ण पुस्तकें-भाष्य सम्बन्धी 64 विद्याओं सम्बन्धी ज्ञान उपलब्ध है। आध्यात्मिक चिंतन, दाशर्निक ग्रंथ, रामायण और गीता की भाषा है, यह।
अमेरिका, रूस, स्वीडन, जर्मनी, ब्रिटेन, फ्रांस, जापान और ऑस्ट्रिया जैसे देशों में नर्सरी से ही बच्चों को संस्कृत पढ़ाई जाने लगी है।यह देव भाषा है।
Thousands of word have been identified in English, which have their origin in Sanskrat.
SANSKRAT THE DIVINE LANGUAGE देव भाषा संस्कृत :: प्राचीन काल में कम्बोडिया को कंबुज देश कहा जाता था। 9 वी से 13 वी शती तक अङ्कोर साम्राज्य पनपता रहा। राजधानी यशोधरपुर सम्राट यशोवर्मन ने बसायी थी। अङ्कोर वाट उस समय आज के कंबोडिया, थायलॅण्ड, वियतनाम और लाओस सभी को आवृत्त करता हुआ विशाल राज्य था। संस्कृत से जुडी भव्य संस्कृति के प्रमाण इन अग्निकोणीय एशिया के देशों में आज भी प्रचुर मात्रा में विद्यमान हैं। कंबुज देश (कम्बोडिया) की छटी शताब्दी से लेकर बारहवीं शताब्दी तक राष्ट्र भाषा थी।
कंबुज शिलालेख कंबुज, लाओस, थायलैंड, वियेतनाम इत्यादि विस्तृत प्रदेशों में पाए गए हैं। कुछ ही शिला लेख पुरानी मेर में मिलते हैं जबकि बहुसंख्य लेख संस्कृत भाषा में ही मिलते हैं। संस्कृत उस समय की दक्षिण पूर्व अग्निकोणीय देशों की सांस्कृतिक भाषा थी। कंबुज, मेर ने अपनी भाषा लिखने के लिए भारतीय लिपि अपनायी थी। आधुनिक मेर भारत से ही स्वीकार की हुई लिपि में लिखी जाती है। वास्तव में ग्रंथ ब्राह्मीश ही आधुनिक मेर की मातृ.लिपि है। कंबुज देश ने देवनागरी और पल्लव ग्रंथ लिपि के आधार पर अपनी लिपि बनाई है। कंबुज भाषा में 70 प्रतिशत शब्द संस्कृत से लिए गए हैं मगर अधिकतर शब्दों का उच्चारण बदल चुका है।
कंबोजी महीनों के नाम :- चेत-चैत्र, बिसाक-वैशाख, जेस-ज्येष्ठ आसाठ-आषाढ, श्राप-श्रावण-सावन, फ्यैत्रबोत-भाद्रपद, गुण् भादरवो-आसोज-आश्विन-गुजराती आसोण कातिक-कार्तिक, कार्तक मिगस-मार्गशीर्ष गुजराती मागसर, बौह-पौष, माघ-माह, फागुन-फाल्गुन फागण।
कुछ आधुनिक शब्दावली :- धनागार-बँक, भासा-भाषा, टेलिफोन-दूरशब्द, तार-दूरलेख, टाईप राइटर-अंगुलिलेख तथा टायपिस्ट-अंगुलिलेखक कहते हैं।
सुन्दर, कार्यालय, मुख, मेघ, चन्द्र, मनुष्य, आकाश, माता पिता, भिक्षु आदि अनेक शब्द दैनिक प्रयोग में आते हैं। उच्चारण में अवश्य अंतर है। कई शब्द साधारण दैनिक जीवन में प्रयुक्त न होकर काव्य और साहित्य में प्रयुक्त होते हैं। ऐसी परम्परा भारतीय भाषाओं में भी मानी जाती है। शाला के लिए साला, कॉलेज के लिए अनुविद्यालय, विमेन्स कॉलेज के लिए अनुविद्यालय.नारी, युनिवर्सिटी के लिए महाविद्यालय, डिग्री या प्रमाण पत्र-सञ्ञा। पत्र साइकिल-द्विचक्रयान, रिक्शा-त्रिचक्रयान ऐसे उदाहरण दिए जा सकते हैं।
राष्ट्र भाषा संस्कृत :- वास्तव में संस्कृत ही न्यायालयीन भाषा थी, एक सहस्रों वर्षों से भी अधिक समय तक के लिए उसका चलन था। सारे शासकीय आदेश संस्कृत में होते थे। भूमि के या खेती के क्रय.विक्रय पत्र संस्कृत में ही होते थे। मंदिरों का प्रबंधन भी संस्कृत में ही सुरक्षित रखा जाता था। प्राय: 1250 शिला लेख उस में से बहुसंख्य संस्कृत में लिखे पाए जाते हैं इस प्राचीन अङ्कोर साम्राज्य में।
उदाहरणार्थ :- श्री यशोवर्मन महाराजा हुए भव्य कंबुज देश के, जैसे इन्द्र महाराज हुए थे मरुत देश के।
श्रीकम्बुभूभृतो भान्ति विक्रमाक्रान्तविष्टपा:।
विषकण्टकजेतारो दोद्र्दण्डा इव चक्रिण:॥
श्रीमतां कम्बुजेन्द्राणामधीशोऽभूद्यशस्विनाम।
श्रीयशोवम्र्मराजेन्द्रो महेन्द्रो मरुतामिव॥10॥
श्री कंबु देश के राजा विश्व में अपने शौर्य और पराक्रम से चमकते हैं और शत्रुओं को उखाड फेंकते है जैसे विष्णु भगवान विषैले काँटो जैसे शत्रुओं को उखाड़ फेंकते थे।
TEACHING OF SANSKRAT संस्कृत अध्यापन-पढ़ाना :: Human Resource Development minister Smrati's approach towards the teaching of Sanskrat in schools is inappropriate. She is misguided and incompetent to handle this department. At least this department should be headed by experienced, learned, mature, qualified person instead of one who is unable to provide proof of her qualification and sensibility. Sanskrat should be introduced in the school curriculum as a part-component of Hindi, in stead of a separate subject. Under any circumstances the child should not be over burdened with more than 3 languages at any stage. Sanskrat is a divine language with extremely intricate-difficult to grasp grammar. Efforts to learn it by one with low intelligence, will-desire, will prove futile. Language is directly connected with stomach-bread. The patriarch-advocates of Sanskrat have to prove that they themselves know it. Let them read a few paragraphs in the meetings addressed by them and translate a few stanzas from scriptures to Hindi or English. One should not be dogmatic in his approach. Don't compel any one to learn it. It must remain an optional subject. However one can substitute German with English under 3 language formula.[27.11.2014]
ANCIENT NALANDA UNIVERSITY नालंदा विश्वविद्यालय :: यह भारत प्राचीनतम उच्च् शिक्षा का सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण और विख्यात केन्द्र था। बुद्ध धर्म के उदय से पूर्व इसमें सनातन धर्म के सभी अंगों की वृहद शिक्षा प्रदान कि जाती थी। महायान बौद्ध धर्म के इस शिक्षा-केन्द्र में हीनयान बौद्ध-धर्म के साथ ही अन्य धर्मों के तथा अनेक देशों के छात्र पढ़ते थे। बिहार, पटना, पाटलिपुत्र, मगध, जनकपुरी आदि नाम इस क्षेत्र से जुड़े हुए हैं। पटना, बिहार, भारत से 88.5 किलोमीटर दक्षिण-पूर्व और राजगीर से 11.5 किलोमीटर उत्तर में एक गाँव के पास इस महान विश्वविद्यालय के भग्नावशेष मौजूद हैं।अनेक पुराभिलेखों और सातवीं शती में भारत भ्रमण के लिए आये चीनी यात्री ह्वेनसांग तथा इत्सिंग के यात्रा विवरणों से इस विश्वविद्यालय के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी प्राप्त होती है। प्रसिद्ध चीनी यात्री ह्वेनसांग ने 7वीं शताब्दी में यहाँ जीवन का महत्त्वपूर्ण एक वर्ष एक विद्यार्थी और एक शिक्षक के रूप में व्यतीत किया था। प्रसिद्ध 'बौद्ध सारिपुत्र' का जन्म यहीं पर हुआ था।
स्थापना व संरक्षण: इस विश्वविद्यालय की स्थापना का श्रेय गुप्त शासक कुमारगुप्त प्रथम (455–467 AD) को प्राप्त है। इस विश्वविद्यालय को कुमार गुप्त के उत्तराधिकारियों का पूरा सहयोग मिला। गुप्तवंश के पतन के बाद भी आने वाले सभी शासक वंशों ने इसकी समृद्धि में अपना योगदान जारी रखा। इसे महान सम्राट हर्षवर्द्धन और पाल शासकों का भी संरक्षण मिला। स्थानीय शासकों तथा भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों के साथ ही इसे अनेक विदेशी शासकों से भी अनुदान मिला।
स्वरूप :: यह विश्व का प्रथम पूर्णत आवासीय विश्वविद्यालय था। विकसित स्थिति में इसमें विद्यार्थियों की संख्या करीब 10,000 एवं अध्यापकों की संख्या 2,000 थी। इस विश्वविद्यालय में भारत के विभिन्न क्षेत्रों से ही नहीं, बल्कि कोरिया, जापान, चीन, तिब्बत, इंडोनेशिया, फारस तथा तुर्की से भी विद्यार्थी शिक्षा ग्रहण करने आते थे। नालंदा के विशिष्ट शिक्षा प्राप्त स्नातक बाहर जाकर बौद्ध धर्म का प्रचार करते थे। इस विश्वविद्यालय की नौवीं शती से बारहवीं शती तक अंतरर्राष्ट्रीय ख्याति रही थी।
परिसर :: अत्यंत सुनियोजित ढंग से और विस्तृत क्षेत्र में बना हुआ यह विश्वविद्यालय स्थापत्य कला का अद्भुत नमूना था। इसका पूरा परिसर एक विशाल दीवार से घिरा हुआ था, जिसमें प्रवेश के लिए एक मुख्य द्वार था। उत्तर से दक्षिण की ओर मठों की कतार थी और उनके सामने अनेक भव्य स्तूप और मंदिर थे। मंदिरों में बुद्ध भगवान की सुन्दर मूर्तियाँ स्थापित थीं। केन्द्रीय विद्यालय में सात बड़े कक्ष थे और इसके अलावा तीन सौ अन्य कमरे थे। इनमें व्याख्यान हुआ करते थे। अभी तक खुदाई में तेरह मठ मिले हैं। वैसे इससे भी अधिक मठों के होने ही संभावना है। मठ एक से अधिक मंजिल के होते थे। कमरे में सोने के लिए पत्थर की चौकी होती थी। दीपक, पुस्तक इत्यादि रखने के लिए आले बने हुए थे। प्रत्येक मठ के आँगन में एक कुआँ बना था। आठ विशाल भवन, दस मंदिर, अनेक प्रार्थना कक्ष तथा अध्ययन कक्ष के अलावा इस परिसर में सुंदर बगीचे तथा झीलें भी थी।
प्रबंधन :: समस्त विश्वविद्यालय का प्रबंध कुलपति या प्रमुख आचार्य करते थे, जो कि भिक्षुओं द्वारा निर्वाचित होते थे। कुलपति दो परामर्शदात्री समितियों के परामर्श से सारा प्रबंध करते थे। प्रथम समिति शिक्षा तथा पाठ्यक्रम संबंधी कार्य देखती थी और द्वितीय समिति सारे विश्वविद्यालय की आर्थिक व्यवस्था तथा प्रशासन की देख-भाल करती थी। विश्वविद्यालय को दान में मिले दो सौ गाँवों से प्राप्त उपज और आय की देख-रेख यही समिति किया करती थी। इसी से सहस्त्रों विद्यार्थियों के भोजन, कपड़े तथा आवास का प्रबंध होता था। शिक्षा पूर्ण रूप से मुफ्त थी।
शिक्षक :: इस विश्वविद्यालय में तीन श्रेणियों के आचार्य थे जो अपनी योग्यतानुसार प्रथम, द्वितीय और तृतीय श्रेणी में आते थे। नालंदा के प्रसिद्ध आचार्यों में शीलभद्र, धर्मपाल, चंद्रपाल, गुणमति और स्थिरमति प्रमुख थे। 7वीं सदी में ह्वेनसांग के समय इस विश्व विद्यालय के प्रमुख शीलभद्र थे, जो कि एक महान आचार्य, शिक्षक और विद्वान थे। एक प्राचीन श्लोक से ज्ञात होता है कि प्रसिद्ध भारतीय गणितज्ञ एवं खगोलज्ञ आर्यभट भी इस विश्वविद्यालय के प्रमुख रहे थे। उनके लिखे जिन तीन ग्रंथों की जानकारी भी उपलब्ध है वे हैं: दशगीतिका, आर्यभट्टीय और तंत्र। ज्ञाता बताते हैं, कि उनका एक अन्य ग्रन्थ आर्यभट्ट सिद्धांत भी था, जिसके आज मात्र 34 श्लोक ही उपलब्ध हैं। इस ग्रंथ का 7 वीं शताब्दी में बहुत उपयोग होता था।
प्रवेश :: प्रवेश परीक्षा अत्यंत कठिन होती थी और उसके कारण प्रतिभाशाली विद्यार्थी ही प्रवेश पा सकते थे। उन्हें तीन कठिन परीक्षा स्तरों को उत्तीर्ण करना होता था। यह विश्व का प्रथम ऐसा दृष्टांत है। शुद्ध आचरण और संघ के नियमों का पालन करना अत्यंत आवश्यक था।
अध्ययन-अध्यापन पद्धति :: इस विश्वविद्यालय में आचार्य छात्रों को मौखिक व्याख्यान समझाना तर्क उदाहरण, श्रुति-सुनना, समझना, याद करना, प्रयोग करना आदि द्वारा शिक्षा देते थे। इसके अतिरिक्त पुस्तकों की व्याख्या, शास्त्रार्थ, अध्ययन तथा शंका समाधान अनिवार्य अंग थे।
पाठ्यक्रम :: अति प्राचीन कल से ही, सनातन धर्म में उल्लिखित प्रतिपादित समस्त 64 विधाओं-विद्याओं का अध्ययन-अध्यापन यहाँ होता था। वेद, वेदांत, सांख्य, व्याकरण, दर्शन, शल्यविद्या, ज्योतिष, धातु विज्ञान, खगोल, योग तथा चिकित्सा भी पाठ्यक्रम के अंग थे। भगवान बुद्ध के प्रादुर्भाव के उपरान्त महायान के प्रवर्तक नागार्जुन, वसुबन्धु, असंग तथा धर्मकीर्ति की रचनाओं का सविस्तार अध्यापन-अध्ययन किया जाता था।
पुस्तकालय :: नालंदा में सहस्रों विद्यार्थियों और आचार्यों के अध्ययन के लिए नौ तल का एक विराट पुस्तकालय था जिसमें 3 लाख से अधिक पुस्तकों का अनुपम संग्रह था। इस पुस्तकालय में सभी विषयों से संबंधित पुस्तकें थी। यह 'रत्नरंजक' 'रत्नोदधि' 'रत्नसागर' नामक तीन विशाल भवनों में स्थित था। 'रत्नोदधि' पुस्तकालय में अनेक अप्राप्य हस्तलिखित पुस्तकें संग्रहीत थी। इनमें से अनेक पुस्तकों की प्रतिलिपियाँ चीनी यात्री अपने साथ ले गये थे।
Bihar-Patli Putr-Patna-Janak Pur-Magadh are considered to be seat of learning, since ages, as the place was the abode of Videh Raja Janak, father of Maan Sita. Hindu dynasties supported the seat of learning through liberal grants. No fees were charged from the students, who remained as ascetics during the period of learning.
The site is located about 88 km south east of Patna and was the religious center of learning. Though its not possible to establish the time of its establishment, yet its believed that Nalanda was established during the reign of a king called Sakradity, of the Gupt Dynasty. It flourished between the rule of Kumar Gupt (1) and Kumar Gupt (2) and patronised by them. Bow-the royal sign of the Gupt's is marked over the floor. Emperors like Harsh Vardhan and Pal empire, too patronised it.
Vikram Shila Vishw Vidyalay-the premier university of the era, Nalanda-past its prime but still illustrious, Som Pur, Udant Pur and Jagdal Pur were regarded together, as forming a network, an interlinked group of institutions and it was common for great scholars to move easily from position to position, among them. Tiladhak-another seat of learning has been discovered close to its vicinity, in Telhar.
CURRICULUM :: Courses were drawn from every field of learning, Buddhist and Hindu, sacred and secular, foreign and native. The subjects taught covered every field of learning i.e., 64 disciplines of learning, including religion, history, law, linguistics, medicine, public health, architecture, metallurgy, pharmacology, sculpture, astronomy, science and logic as diligently as they applied themselves to metaphysics, philosophy, Sankhy, Yog-Shastr, Ved and the scriptures of Buddhism.
They studied foreign philosophy likewise. Sarvastivad Vaebhasik, Sarvastivad Sautrantik, Madhyamak, the Mahayan philosophy of Nagarjun, Cittamatra-the Mahayan philosophy of Asang and Vasubandhu, constituted the Buddhist texts.
LIBRARY :: The library at Nalanda University had well preserved meticulous copies of texts. It was an immense complex, called the Dharm Ganj, separated into three large buildings: the Ratn Sagar, the Ratn Dadhi (Nidhi-wealth), and the Ratn Ranjak. The Ratn Dadhi, meaning the Ocean of Gems, was nine stories high and housed the most sacred manuscripts including the Prajan Parmita Sutr and the Samaj Guhy. The towers were supposedly immense, be jewelled and gilded to reflect the rays of the sun.
CLASSIFICATION :: Bhaskar Sanhita, an ancient text describes the organisational practices, in the library where each and every manuscript was placed on iron shelves or stack and covered with cloth and tied up. Furthermore, the librarian in charge, according to the text, was not only responsible for maintaining the materials, but also for guiding readers in their studies. It had hundreds of thousands manuscripts. The library not only collected religious manuscripts but also had texts on such subjects as grammar, logic, literature, astrology, astronomy, and medicine.
It is clear that Nalanda University library had a classification scheme which was possibly based on a text classification scheme developed by the great Sanskrat linguist Panini (आचार्य पाणिनी). Buddhists texts were most likely divided in three classes based on the Tripitaka’s three main divisions: the Vinay, Sutr, and the Abhidamm. Like most other Indian ancient and medieval period libraries, Nalanda used a basic catalogue to help patrons find materials. This bibliography-listing and indexing or Anukramika (अनुक्रमिका), would have listed the books by hymns, authors, form of Sutr सूत्र, Rishi’s-author's name and the hymnal meter.
FACULTY :: Nalanda University was the first great university in recorded history and one of the world's first residential university as it had dormitories for students. It was an ancient center of higher learning in Bihar-India, with more than 10,000 students and 2,000 teachers. Sheel Bhadr had studied all the major collections of Sutr and Shastr.
Other forms of Buddhism, such as the Mahayan Buddhism followed in Vietnam, China, Korea and Japan, flourished within the walls of the ancient university. A number of scholars have associated some Mahayan texts, such as the Surangam Sutr-an important Sutr in East Asian Buddhism, with the Buddhist tradition at Nalanda. During Tang Dynasty Chinese pilgrim and scholar Xuanzang spent 15 years, while studying and teaching at Nalanda leaving behind detailed descriptions pertaining to the life of the people of that age and the university, in the 7th century. Yijing corroborated information about the other kingdoms connecting China and the Nalanda. He translated a large number of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrat into Chinese.
GRANTS :: As a tradition all rulers in the region and those who had studied here used to donated large chunks of money for its survival. Harsh had awarded 200 villages as grants.
Noted scholars: Achary Chanky, Chandr Gupt Maury, Noted scholars: Chanky, Chandr Gupt Maury, Ashok, Harsh Vardhan, Vasu Bandhu, Dharm Pal, Suvishnu, Asang, Sheel Bhadr, Dharm Kirti, Shantarakshit, Nagarjun, Ary Dev, Padm Sambhav, Xuanzang and Hwui Li.
REVIVAL :: Singapore, China, India, Japan and other nations, announced a proposal to restore and revive the ancient site as Nalanda International University.
सोलह कलाएँ :: भगवान् श्री राम 12 कलाओं के अवतार थे तो भगवान् श्री कृष्ण सम्पूर्ण 16 कलाओं के अवतार थे। चंद्रमा की सोलह कलाएं होती हैं। 16 कलाओं से युक्त व्यक्ति-ईश्वरीय गुणों से संपन्न-ईश्वर तुल्य-भगवान् होता है।चन्द्रमा के उदय और अस्त होने का काल 27 से 31 दिन के बीच रहता है।
चन्द्रमा की सोलह कलाएँ :- अमृत, मनदा, पुष्प, पुष्टि, तुष्टि, ध्रुति, शाशनी, चंद्रिका, कांति, ज्योत्सना, श्री, प्रीति, अंगदा, पूर्ण और पूर्णामृत। इन्हीं को प्रतिपदा, दूज, एकादशी, पूर्णिमा आदि भी कहा जाता है।
उक्तरोक्त चंद्रमा के प्रकाश की 16 अवस्थाएं हैं उसी तरह मनुष्य के मन में भी एक प्रकाश है। मन को चंद्रमा के समान ही माना गया है। जिसकी अवस्था घटती और बढ़ती रहती है। चंद्र की इन सोलह अवस्थाओं से 16 कला का चलन हुआ। व्यक्ति का देह को छोड़कर पूर्ण प्रकाश हो जाना ही प्रथम मोक्ष है।
मानव मन की तीन अवस्थाएं :- जाग्रत, स्वप्न और सुषुप्ति।
जगत तीन स्तरों वाला है :- (1). एक स्थूल जगत, जिसकी अनुभूति जाग्रत अवस्था में होती है। (2). दूसरा सूक्ष्म जगत, जिसका स्वप्न में अनुभव करते हैं और (3). तीसरा कारण जगत, जिसकी अनुभूति सुषुप्ति में होती है।
तीन अवस्थाओं से आगे सोलह कलाओं का अर्थ संपूर्ण बोधपूर्ण ज्ञान से है। मनुष्य ने स्वयं को तीन अवस्थाओं से आगे कुछ नहीं जाना और न समझा। प्रत्येक मनुष्य में ये 16 कलाएं सुप्त अवस्था में होती है। अर्थात इसका संबंध अनुभूत यथार्थ ज्ञान की सोलह अवस्थाओं से है। इन सोलह कलाओं के नाम अलग-अलग ग्रंथों में भिन्न-भिन्न मिलते हैं। यथा…
16 कलाओं का वर्गीकरण-नामकरण :- (1.1). अन्नमया, (1.2). प्राणमया, (1.3). मनोमया, (1.4). विज्ञानमया, (1.5). आनंदमया, (1.6). अतिशयिनी,(1.7). विपरिनाभिमी, (1.8). संक्रमिनी, (1.9). प्रभवि, (1.10). कुंथिनी, (1.11). विकासिनी, (1.12). मर्यदिनी, (1.13). सन्हालादिनी, (1.14). आह्लादिनी, (1.15). परिपूर्ण और (1.16). स्वरुपवस्थित।
(2.1). श्री, (2.2). इला, (2.3). लीला, (2.4). कांति, (2.5). विद्या,(2.6). विमला, (2.7). उत्कर्शिनी, (2.8). ज्ञान, (2.9). क्रिया, (2.10). योग, (2.11). प्रहवि, (2.12). सत्य, (2.13). इसना और (2.14). अनुग्रह।
(2.1). प्राण, (2.2). श्रधा, (2.3). आकाश, (2.4). वायु, (2.5). तेज, (2.6). जल, (2.7). पृथ्वी, (2.8). इन्द्रिय, (2.9). मन, (2.10). अन्न, (2.11). वीर्य, (2.12). तप, (2.13). मन्त्र, (2.14). कर्म, (2.15). लोक और (2.16). नाम।
16 कलाएं दरअसल बोध प्राप्त योगी की भिन्न-भिन्न स्थितियां हैं। बोध की अवस्था के आधार पर आत्मा के लिए प्रतिपदा से लेकर पूर्णिमा तक चन्द्रमा के प्रकाश की 15 अवस्थाएं ली गई हैं। अमावास्या अज्ञान का प्रतीक है तो पूर्णिमा पूर्ण ज्ञान का।
19 अवस्थाएं :- भगवदगीता में भगवान् श्री कृष्ण ने आत्म तत्व प्राप्त योगी के बोध की उन्नीस स्थितियों को प्रकाश की भिन्न-भिन्न मात्रा से बताया है। इसमें अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः बोध की 3 प्रारंभिक स्थिति हैं और शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् की 15 कला शुक्ल पक्ष की 01 हैं। इनमें से आत्मा की 16 कलाएं हैं।
आत्मा की सबसे पहली कला ही विलक्षण है। इस पहली अवस्था या उससे पहली की तीन स्थिति होने पर भी योगी अपना जन्म और मृत्यु का दृष्टा हो जाता है और मृत्यु भय से मुक्त हो जाता है।
चन्द्रमा की सोलह कलाएँ :- अमृत, मनदा, पुष्प, पुष्टि, तुष्टि, ध्रुति, शाशनी, चंद्रिका, कांति, ज्योत्सना, श्री, प्रीति, अंगदा, पूर्ण और पूर्णामृत। इन्हीं को प्रतिपदा, दूज, एकादशी, पूर्णिमा आदि भी कहा जाता है।
उक्तरोक्त चंद्रमा के प्रकाश की 16 अवस्थाएं हैं उसी तरह मनुष्य के मन में भी एक प्रकाश है। मन को चंद्रमा के समान ही माना गया है। जिसकी अवस्था घटती और बढ़ती रहती है। चंद्र की इन सोलह अवस्थाओं से 16 कला का चलन हुआ। व्यक्ति का देह को छोड़कर पूर्ण प्रकाश हो जाना ही प्रथम मोक्ष है।
मानव मन की तीन अवस्थाएं :- जाग्रत, स्वप्न और सुषुप्ति।
जगत तीन स्तरों वाला है :- (1). एक स्थूल जगत, जिसकी अनुभूति जाग्रत अवस्था में होती है। (2). दूसरा सूक्ष्म जगत, जिसका स्वप्न में अनुभव करते हैं और (3). तीसरा कारण जगत, जिसकी अनुभूति सुषुप्ति में होती है।
तीन अवस्थाओं से आगे सोलह कलाओं का अर्थ संपूर्ण बोधपूर्ण ज्ञान से है। मनुष्य ने स्वयं को तीन अवस्थाओं से आगे कुछ नहीं जाना और न समझा। प्रत्येक मनुष्य में ये 16 कलाएं सुप्त अवस्था में होती है। अर्थात इसका संबंध अनुभूत यथार्थ ज्ञान की सोलह अवस्थाओं से है। इन सोलह कलाओं के नाम अलग-अलग ग्रंथों में भिन्न-भिन्न मिलते हैं। यथा…
16 कलाओं का वर्गीकरण-नामकरण :- (1.1). अन्नमया, (1.2). प्राणमया, (1.3). मनोमया, (1.4). विज्ञानमया, (1.5). आनंदमया, (1.6). अतिशयिनी,(1.7). विपरिनाभिमी, (1.8). संक्रमिनी, (1.9). प्रभवि, (1.10). कुंथिनी, (1.11). विकासिनी, (1.12). मर्यदिनी, (1.13). सन्हालादिनी, (1.14). आह्लादिनी, (1.15). परिपूर्ण और (1.16). स्वरुपवस्थित।
(2.1). श्री, (2.2). इला, (2.3). लीला, (2.4). कांति, (2.5). विद्या,(2.6). विमला, (2.7). उत्कर्शिनी, (2.8). ज्ञान, (2.9). क्रिया, (2.10). योग, (2.11). प्रहवि, (2.12). सत्य, (2.13). इसना और (2.14). अनुग्रह।
(2.1). प्राण, (2.2). श्रधा, (2.3). आकाश, (2.4). वायु, (2.5). तेज, (2.6). जल, (2.7). पृथ्वी, (2.8). इन्द्रिय, (2.9). मन, (2.10). अन्न, (2.11). वीर्य, (2.12). तप, (2.13). मन्त्र, (2.14). कर्म, (2.15). लोक और (2.16). नाम।
16 कलाएं दरअसल बोध प्राप्त योगी की भिन्न-भिन्न स्थितियां हैं। बोध की अवस्था के आधार पर आत्मा के लिए प्रतिपदा से लेकर पूर्णिमा तक चन्द्रमा के प्रकाश की 15 अवस्थाएं ली गई हैं। अमावास्या अज्ञान का प्रतीक है तो पूर्णिमा पूर्ण ज्ञान का।
19 अवस्थाएं :- भगवदगीता में भगवान् श्री कृष्ण ने आत्म तत्व प्राप्त योगी के बोध की उन्नीस स्थितियों को प्रकाश की भिन्न-भिन्न मात्रा से बताया है। इसमें अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः बोध की 3 प्रारंभिक स्थिति हैं और शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम् की 15 कला शुक्ल पक्ष की 01 हैं। इनमें से आत्मा की 16 कलाएं हैं।
आत्मा की सबसे पहली कला ही विलक्षण है। इस पहली अवस्था या उससे पहली की तीन स्थिति होने पर भी योगी अपना जन्म और मृत्यु का दृष्टा हो जाता है और मृत्यु भय से मुक्त हो जाता है।
अग्निर्ज्योतिरहः शुक्लः षण्मासा उत्तरायणम्।
तत्र प्रयाता गच्छन्ति ब्रह्म ब्रह्मविदो जनाः॥[श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता 8.24]
जिस मार्ग में ज्योतिर्मय-प्रकाशस्वरूप अग्नि का अधिपति देवता, दिन का अधिपति देवता, शुक्ल पक्ष का अधिपति देवता और उत्तरायण के छः महीनों का अधिपति देवता है, उस मार्ग में शरीर छोड़कर गए हुए ब्रह्मवेत्ता योगीजन उपयुक्त देवताओं द्वारा क्रम से ले जाए जाकर (पहले ब्रह्मलोक को प्राप्त होकर) पीछे ब्रह्मा जी के साथ ब्रह्म को प्राप्त होते हैं।
The Yogi who still has some fractional, remaining desires, motives, is taken sequentially, through the paths followed by the deity, demigod of fire, Agni, the deity of the day, the deity of bright lunar fortnight and thereafter by the deity of the Uttrayan-the six months period, during which the Sun moves from South to North; to the creator Brahma Ji & they too assimilate in the Almighty with Brahma Ji.
इस पृथ्वी पर शुक्लमार्ग में सबसे पहले अग्नि देवता का अधिकार रहता है। अग्नि रात्रि में प्रकाश करती है, दिन में नहीं क्योंकि अग्नि का प्रकाश दिन के प्रकाश की अपेक्षा सीमित है, कम दूर तक जाता है। शुक्लपक्ष 15 दिनों का होता है जो कि पितरों की एक रात है। यह प्रकाश आकाश में अधिक दूर तक जाता है। जब सूर्य भगवान् उत्तर की तरफ चलते हैं, तब यह उत्तरायण कहलाता है और यह 6 महीनों का समय देवताओं का एक दिन है। इसका प्रकाश और अधिक दूर तक फैला हुआ है। जो शुक्लमार्ग की बहुलता वाले मार्ग में जाने वाले हैं, वे सबसे पहले अग्नि देवता के अधिकार में, फिर दिन के देवता के अधिकार में और शुक्लपक्ष के देवता को प्राप्त होते हैं। शुक्लपक्ष के देवता उसे उत्तरायण के अधिपति के सुपुर्द कर देते हैं औए वे उसे आगे ब्रह्मलोक के अधिकारी देवता के समर्पित कर देते हैं। इस प्रकार जीव क्रमश: ब्रह्मलोक में पहुँच जाता है और ब्रह्मा जी की आयु पर्यन्त वहाँ रहकर महाप्रलय में ब्रह्मा जी के साथ ही मुक्त हो जाता है तथा सच्चिदानंदघन परमात्मा को प्राप्त हो जाता है।
ब्रह्मविद :: परमात्मा परोक्षरूप से जानने वालों के लिए है अपरोक्षरुप रूप से जाननेवालों के लिए नहीं, जिन्हें यहीं पर सद्योमुक्ति या जीवन्मुक्ति बगैर ब्रह्मलोक जाये ही प्राप्त हो जाती है।
The period of bright moon light is under the control of the deity of fire Agni Dev. Fire does not produce as much light as is produced by the Sun. Sun light extends farther than the light produced by fire. Bright lunar fortnight constitutes of 15 days, which is the period dominated by the Pitr Gun (the Manes, ancestors). The light extends farther. It is followed by the period of 6 months, when the Sun turns north called Uttrayan in northern hemisphere. The sequence is such that the soul of the relinquished is passed on to the next in the hierarchy to be handed over to the creator Brahma Ji, where it stays and enjoys till the Ultimate devastation takes place and it merges with the Almighty-the Ultimate being, not to return back.
There is yet another version which explains this verse in the form of the phases of Moon. As the organism grows in virtues his status is enhanced from 1 to 16, which is the phase of the Ultimate being-the Almighty. Those with less virtues to their credit and still possess left over rewards of the virtuous, righteous, pious deeds; are promoted to the Brahm Lok in stead of being relinquished straight way to the Almighty by granting him Salvation.अपरोक्षक्रम में :: (1). अग्नि: :- बुद्धि सतोगुणी हो जाती है दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव विकसित होने लगता है, (2). ज्योति: :- ज्योति के समान आत्म साक्षात्कार की प्रबल इच्छा बनी रहती है। दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव ज्योति के समान गहरा होता जाता है और (3). अहः :- दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव दिन के प्रकाश की तरह स्थित हो जाता है। इस प्रकृम में 16 कलाएँ :– 15 कला शुक्ल पक्ष + 01 एवं उत्तरायण कला = 16 हैं। (3.1). बुद्धि का निश्चयात्मक हो जाना, (3.2). अनेक जन्मों की सुधि आने लगती है, (3.3). चित्त वृत्ति नष्ट हो जाती है, (3.4). अहंकार नष्ट हो जाता है, (3.5). संकल्प-विकल्प समाप्त हो जाते हैं। स्वयं के स्वरुप का बोध होने लगता है, (3.6). आकाश तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। कहा हुआ प्रत्येक शब्द सत्य होता है, (3.7). वायु तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। स्पर्श मात्र से रोग मुक्त कर देता है, (3.8). अग्नि तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। दृष्टि मात्र से कल्याण करने की शक्ति आ जाती है, (3.9). जल तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जल स्थान दे देता है। नदी, समुद्र आदि कोई बाधा नहीं रहती, (3.10). पृथ्वी तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। हर समय देह से सुगंध आने लगती है, नींद, भूख प्यास नहीं लगती, (3.11). जन्म, मृत्यु, स्थिति अपने अधीन हो जाती है, (3.12). समस्त भूतों से एक रूपता हो जाती है और सब पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जड़ चेतन इच्छानुसार कार्य करते हैं, (3.13). समय पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। देह वृद्धि रुक जाती है अथवा अपनी इच्छा से होती है, (3.14). सर्व व्यापी हो जाता है। एक साथ अनेक रूपों में प्रकट हो सकता है। पूर्णता अनुभव होती है। योगी-विमुक्त लोक कल्याण के लिए संकल्प धारण कर सकता है, (3.15). कारण का भी कारण हो जाता है। यह अव्यक्त अवस्था है, (3.16). उत्तरायण कला :- अपनी इच्छा अनुसार समस्त दिव्यता के साथ अवतार रूप में जन्म लेता है जैसे राम, कृष्ण। यहाँ उत्तरायण के प्रकाश की तरह उसकी दिव्यता फैलती है। सोलहवीं कला पहले और पन्द्रहवीं को बाद में स्थान दिया है। इससे निर्गुण सगुण स्थिति भी सुस्पष्ट हो जाती है। सोलह कला युक्त पुरुष में व्यक्त अव्यक्त की सभी कलाएँ होती हैं। यही दिव्यता है। [वेदों के समान ही विभिन्न विद्वानों ने गीता की व्याख्या भी अलग-अलग की है। परन्तु मूल तत्व सब जगह एक ही रहता है]
The Yogi who still has some fractional, remaining desires, motives, is taken sequentially, through the paths followed by the deity, demigod of fire, Agni, the deity of the day, the deity of bright lunar fortnight and thereafter by the deity of the Uttrayan-the six months period, during which the Sun moves from South to North; to the creator Brahma Ji & they too assimilate in the Almighty with Brahma Ji.
इस पृथ्वी पर शुक्लमार्ग में सबसे पहले अग्नि देवता का अधिकार रहता है। अग्नि रात्रि में प्रकाश करती है, दिन में नहीं क्योंकि अग्नि का प्रकाश दिन के प्रकाश की अपेक्षा सीमित है, कम दूर तक जाता है। शुक्लपक्ष 15 दिनों का होता है जो कि पितरों की एक रात है। यह प्रकाश आकाश में अधिक दूर तक जाता है। जब सूर्य भगवान् उत्तर की तरफ चलते हैं, तब यह उत्तरायण कहलाता है और यह 6 महीनों का समय देवताओं का एक दिन है। इसका प्रकाश और अधिक दूर तक फैला हुआ है। जो शुक्लमार्ग की बहुलता वाले मार्ग में जाने वाले हैं, वे सबसे पहले अग्नि देवता के अधिकार में, फिर दिन के देवता के अधिकार में और शुक्लपक्ष के देवता को प्राप्त होते हैं। शुक्लपक्ष के देवता उसे उत्तरायण के अधिपति के सुपुर्द कर देते हैं औए वे उसे आगे ब्रह्मलोक के अधिकारी देवता के समर्पित कर देते हैं। इस प्रकार जीव क्रमश: ब्रह्मलोक में पहुँच जाता है और ब्रह्मा जी की आयु पर्यन्त वहाँ रहकर महाप्रलय में ब्रह्मा जी के साथ ही मुक्त हो जाता है तथा सच्चिदानंदघन परमात्मा को प्राप्त हो जाता है।
ब्रह्मविद :: परमात्मा परोक्षरूप से जानने वालों के लिए है अपरोक्षरुप रूप से जाननेवालों के लिए नहीं, जिन्हें यहीं पर सद्योमुक्ति या जीवन्मुक्ति बगैर ब्रह्मलोक जाये ही प्राप्त हो जाती है।
The period of bright moon light is under the control of the deity of fire Agni Dev. Fire does not produce as much light as is produced by the Sun. Sun light extends farther than the light produced by fire. Bright lunar fortnight constitutes of 15 days, which is the period dominated by the Pitr Gun (the Manes, ancestors). The light extends farther. It is followed by the period of 6 months, when the Sun turns north called Uttrayan in northern hemisphere. The sequence is such that the soul of the relinquished is passed on to the next in the hierarchy to be handed over to the creator Brahma Ji, where it stays and enjoys till the Ultimate devastation takes place and it merges with the Almighty-the Ultimate being, not to return back.
There is yet another version which explains this verse in the form of the phases of Moon. As the organism grows in virtues his status is enhanced from 1 to 16, which is the phase of the Ultimate being-the Almighty. Those with less virtues to their credit and still possess left over rewards of the virtuous, righteous, pious deeds; are promoted to the Brahm Lok in stead of being relinquished straight way to the Almighty by granting him Salvation.अपरोक्षक्रम में :: (1). अग्नि: :- बुद्धि सतोगुणी हो जाती है दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव विकसित होने लगता है, (2). ज्योति: :- ज्योति के समान आत्म साक्षात्कार की प्रबल इच्छा बनी रहती है। दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव ज्योति के समान गहरा होता जाता है और (3). अहः :- दृष्टा एवं साक्षी स्वभाव दिन के प्रकाश की तरह स्थित हो जाता है। इस प्रकृम में 16 कलाएँ :– 15 कला शुक्ल पक्ष + 01 एवं उत्तरायण कला = 16 हैं। (3.1). बुद्धि का निश्चयात्मक हो जाना, (3.2). अनेक जन्मों की सुधि आने लगती है, (3.3). चित्त वृत्ति नष्ट हो जाती है, (3.4). अहंकार नष्ट हो जाता है, (3.5). संकल्प-विकल्प समाप्त हो जाते हैं। स्वयं के स्वरुप का बोध होने लगता है, (3.6). आकाश तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। कहा हुआ प्रत्येक शब्द सत्य होता है, (3.7). वायु तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। स्पर्श मात्र से रोग मुक्त कर देता है, (3.8). अग्नि तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। दृष्टि मात्र से कल्याण करने की शक्ति आ जाती है, (3.9). जल तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जल स्थान दे देता है। नदी, समुद्र आदि कोई बाधा नहीं रहती, (3.10). पृथ्वी तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। हर समय देह से सुगंध आने लगती है, नींद, भूख प्यास नहीं लगती, (3.11). जन्म, मृत्यु, स्थिति अपने अधीन हो जाती है, (3.12). समस्त भूतों से एक रूपता हो जाती है और सब पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जड़ चेतन इच्छानुसार कार्य करते हैं, (3.13). समय पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। देह वृद्धि रुक जाती है अथवा अपनी इच्छा से होती है, (3.14). सर्व व्यापी हो जाता है। एक साथ अनेक रूपों में प्रकट हो सकता है। पूर्णता अनुभव होती है। योगी-विमुक्त लोक कल्याण के लिए संकल्प धारण कर सकता है, (3.15). कारण का भी कारण हो जाता है। यह अव्यक्त अवस्था है, (3.16). उत्तरायण कला :- अपनी इच्छा अनुसार समस्त दिव्यता के साथ अवतार रूप में जन्म लेता है जैसे राम, कृष्ण। यहाँ उत्तरायण के प्रकाश की तरह उसकी दिव्यता फैलती है। सोलहवीं कला पहले और पन्द्रहवीं को बाद में स्थान दिया है। इससे निर्गुण सगुण स्थिति भी सुस्पष्ट हो जाती है। सोलह कला युक्त पुरुष में व्यक्त अव्यक्त की सभी कलाएँ होती हैं। यही दिव्यता है। [वेदों के समान ही विभिन्न विद्वानों ने गीता की व्याख्या भी अलग-अलग की है। परन्तु मूल तत्व सब जगह एक ही रहता है]
इस प्रकृम में 16 कलाएँ :– 15 कला शुक्ल पक्ष + 01 एवं उत्तरायण कला=16 हैं।
(1). बुद्धि का निश्चयात्मक हो जाना।
(2). अनेक जन्मों की सुधि आने लगती है।
(3). चित्त वृत्ति नष्ट हो जाती है।
(4). अहंकार नष्ट हो जाता है।
(5). संकल्प-विकल्प समाप्त हो जाते हैं। स्वयं के स्वरुप का बोध होने लगता है।
(6). आकाश तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। कहा हुआ प्रत्येक शब्द सत्य होता है।
(7). वायु तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। स्पर्श मात्र से रोग मुक्त कर देता है।
(8). अग्नि तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। दृष्टि मात्र से कल्याण करने की शक्ति आ जाती है।
(9). जल तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जल स्थान दे देता है। नदी, समुद्र आदि कोई बाधा नहीं रहती।
(10). पृथ्वी तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। हर समय देह से सुगंध आने लगती है, नींद, भूख प्यास नहीं लगती।
(11). जन्म, मृत्यु, स्थिति अपने अधीन हो जाती है।
(12). समस्त भूतों से एक रूपता हो जाती है और सब पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जड़ चेतन इच्छानुसार कार्य करते हैं।
(13). समय पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। देह वृद्धि रुक जाती है अथवा अपनी इच्छा से होती है।
(14). सर्व व्यापी हो जाता है। एक साथ अनेक रूपों में प्रकट हो सकता है। पूर्णता अनुभव करता है। लोक कल्याण के लिए संकल्प धारण कर सकता है।
(15). कारण का भी कारण हो जाता है। यह अव्यक्त अवस्था है।
(16). उत्तरायण कला :- अपनी इच्छा अनुसार समस्त दिव्यता के साथ अवतार रूप में जन्म लेता है जैसे राम, कृष्ण। यहाँ उत्तरायण के प्रकाश की तरह उसकी दिव्यता फैलती है।
सोलहवीं कला पहले और पन्द्रहवीं को बाद में स्थान दिया है। इससे निर्गुण सगुण स्थिति भी सुस्पष्ट हो जाती है। सोलह कला युक्त पुरुष में व्यक्त अव्यक्त की सभी कलाएं होती हैं। यही दिव्यता है।
64 कला :: विद्याओं-विधाओं का वर्गीकरण-विभाजन पद गरिमा, वर्ण व्यवस्था के अनुरूप है।
व्यवहारिक 44 कलाएँ :– (1). ध्यान, प्राणायाम, आसन आदि की विधि, (2). हाथी, घोड़ा, रथ आदि चलाना, (3). मिट्टी और कांच के बर्तनों को साफ रखना, (4). लकड़ी के सामान पर रंग-रोगन सफाई करना, (5). धातु के बर्तनों को साफ करना और उन पर पालिश करना, (6). चित्र बनाना, (7). तालाब, बावड़ी, कमान आदि बनाना, (8). घड़ी, बाजों और दूसरी मशीनों को सुधारना, (9). वस्त्र रंगना, (10). न्याय, काव्य, ज्योतिष, व्याकरण सीखना, (11). नाव, रथ, आदि बनाना, (12). प्रसव विज्ञान, (13). कपड़ा बुनना, सूत कांतना, धुनना, (14). रत्नों की परीक्षा करना, (15). वाद-विवाद, शास्त्रार्थ करना, (16). रत्न एवं धातुएं बनाना, (17). आभूषणों पर पालिश करना, (18). चमड़े की मृदंग, ढोल नगारे, वीणा वगैरेह तैयार करना, (19). वाणिज्य, (20). दूध दुहना, (21). घी, मरूवन तपाना, (22). कपड़े सीना, (23). तरना, (24). घर को सुव्यवस्थित रखना, (25). कपड़े धोना, (26). केश-श्रृंगार, (27). मृदु भाषण वाक्पटुता, (28). बांस के टोकने, पंखे, चटाई आदि बनाना, (29). कांच के बर्तन बनाना, (30). बाग बगीचे लगाना, वृक्षारोपण, जल सिंचन करना, (31). शस्त्रादि निर्माण, (32). गादी गोदड़े-तकिये बनाना, (33). तैल निकालना, (34). वृक्ष पर चढ़ना, (35). बच्चों का पालन पोषण करना, (36). खेती करना, (37). अपराधी को उचित दंड देना, (38). भांति भांति के अक्षर लिखना, (39). पान सुपारी बनाना और खाना, (40). प्रत्येक काम सोच समझकर करना, (41). समयज्ञ बनना, (42). रंगे हुए चांवलों से मंडल मांडना, (43). सुगन्धित इत्र, तैल-धूपादि बनाना एवं, (44). हस्त कौशल-जादू के खेल से मनोरंजन करना।
संगीत की 7 कलाएं :- (1). नृत्य, (2). वादन, (3). श्रृंगार, (4). आभूषण, (5). हास्यादि हाव-भाव, (6). शय्या-सजाना और (7). शतरंज आदि कौतुकी क्रीड़ा करना। संगीत और नृत्य की भी 64-64 विधाएँ हैं।
आयुर्वेद शास्त्र की 8 कलाएं :- (1). आसव, सिर्का, आचार, चटनी, मुरब्बे बनाना, (2). कांटा-सूई आदि शरीर में से निकालना, आंख का कचरा कंकर निकालना, (3). पाचक चूर्ण बनाना, (4). औषधि के पौधे लगाना, (5). पाक बनाना, (6). धातु, विष, उपविष के गुण दोष जानना, (7). भभके से अर्क खीचना और (8). रसायन-भस्मादि बनाना।
धनुर्वेद सम्बन्धी 5 कलाएं :- (1). लड़ाई लड़ना, (2). कुश्ती लड़ना, (3). निशाना लगाना और (4). व्यूह प्रवेश-निर्गमन एवं रचना।
निम्न 64 कलाओं में पारंगत थे भगवान् श्री कृष्ण :: (1). नृत्य-नाचना, (2). वाद्य- तरह-तरह के बाजे बजाना, (3). गायन विद्या-गायकी, (4). नाट्य-तरह-तरह के हाव-भाव व अभिनय, (5). इंद्रजाल- जादूगरी, (6). नाटक आख्यायिका आदि की रचना करना, (7). सुगंधित चीजें- इत्र, तेल आदि बनाना, (8). फूलों के आभूषणों से श्रृंगार करना, (9). बेताल आदि को वश में रखने की विद्या, (10). बच्चों के खेल, (11). विजय प्राप्त कराने वाली विद्या, (12). मन्त्रविद्या, (13). शकुन-अपशकुन जानना, प्रश्नों उत्तर में शुभाशुभ बतलाना, (14). रत्नों को अलग-अलग प्रकार के आकारों में काटना, (15). कई प्रकार के मातृका यन्त्र बनाना, (16). सांकेतिक भाषा बनाना, (17). जल को बांधना, (18). बेल-बूटे बनाना, (19). चावल और फूलों से पूजा के उपहार की रचना करना। (देव पूजन या अन्य शुभ मौकों पर कई रंगों से रंगे चावल, जौ आदि चीजों और फूलों को तरह-तरह से सजाना), (20). फूलों की सेज बनाना, (21). तोता-मैना आदि की बोलियां बोलना-इस कला के जरिए तोता-मैना की तरह बोलना या उनको बोल सिखाए जाते हैं, (22). वृक्षों की चिकित्सा, (23). भेड़, मुर्गा, बटेर आदि को लड़ाने की रीति, (24). उच्चाटन की विधि, (25). घर आदि बनाने की कारीगरी, (26). गलीचे, दरी आदि बनाना, (27). बढ़ई की कारीगरी, (28). पट्टी, बेंत, बाण आदि बनाना यानी आसन, कुर्सी, पलंग आदि को बेंत आदि चीजों से बनाना।, (29). तरह-तरह खाने की चीजें बनाना यानी कई तरह सब्जी, रस, मीठे पकवान, कड़ी आदि बनाने की कला, (30). हाथ की फूर्ती के काम, (31). चाहे जैसा वेष धारण कर लेना, (32). तरह-तरह पीने के पदार्थ बनाना, (33). द्यू्त क्रीड़ा, (34). समस्त छन्दों का ज्ञान, (35). वस्त्रों को छिपाने या बदलने की विद्या, (36). दूर के मनुष्य या वस्तुओं का आकर्षण, (37). कपड़े और गहने बनाना, (38). हार-माला आदि बनाना, (39). विचित्र सिद्धियां दिखलाना यानी ऐसे मंत्रों का प्रयोग या फिर जड़ी-बुटियों को मिलाकर ऐसी चीजें या औषधि बनाना जिससे शत्रु कमजोर हो या नुकसान उठाए, (40). कान और चोटी के फूलों के गहने बनाना-स्त्रियों की चोटी पर सजाने के लिए गहनों का रूप देकर फूलों को गूंथना, (41). कठपुतली बनाना, नाचना, (42), प्रतिमा आदि बनाना, (43). पहेलियां बूझना, (44). सूई का काम यानी कपड़ों की सिलाई, रफू, कसीदाकारी व मोजे, बनियान या कच्छे बुनना, (45). बालों की सफाई का कौशल, (46). मुट्ठी की चीज या मनकी बात बता देना, (47). कई देशों की भाषा का ज्ञान, (48). मलेच्छ-काव्यों का समझ लेना-ऐसे संकेतों को लिखने व समझने की कला जो उसे जानने वाला ही समझ सके, (49). सोने, चांदी आदि धातु तथा हीरे-पन्ने आदि रत्नों की परीक्षा, (50). सोना-चांदी आदि बना लेना, (51). मणियों के रंग को पहचानना, (52). खानों की पहचान, (53). चित्रकारी, (54). दांत, वस्त्र और अंगों को रंगना, (55). शय्या-रचना, (56). मणियों की फर्श बनाना यानी घर के फर्श के कुछ हिस्से में मोती, रत्नों से जड़ना, (57). कूटनीति, (58). ग्रंथों को पढ़ाने की चातुराई, (59). नई-नई बातें निकालना, 60). समस्यापूर्ति करना, (61). समस्त कोशों का ज्ञान, (62). मन में कटक रचना करना यानी किसी श्लोक आदि में छूटे पद या चरण को मन से पूरा करना, (63). छल से काम निकालना एवं 64). कानों के पत्तों की रचना करना यानी शंख, हाथीदांत सहित कई तरह के कान के गहने तैयार करना।
64 KALA कला ARTS :: According to the Vam Keshwar Tantr, there are 64 books called Kala. Many combinations depending over use and faculties are available.
(1). Vocal music, (2). Instrumental music, (3). Dance, (4). Acting, (5). Painting, (6). Making emblems, (7). Making garlands and other creations with flowers, (8). Artwork for mattresses, (9). Artwork for bedspreads, (10). Body aesthetics, (11). House decoration, (12). Making musical instruments operated by water (like Jal Tarang जल तरंग), (13). Making sound effects in water, (14). Costume and fashion design, (15). Making pearl necklaces, (16). Hair styling, (17). Art of dressing, (18). Making ear ornaments, (19). Flower decoration, (20). Food styling, (21). Magic, (22). Landscaping, (23). Manicure, (24). Pastry making, (25). Making drinks, (26). Sewing, (27). Making nets, (28). Solving and creating riddles, (29). Reciting poems, (30). Discoursing on epics and poetical works, (31). Reading, (32). Attending theatrical plays, (33). Completing verses left unfinished (samasya, समस्या, problems) by others as a challenge, (34). Making cane furniture, (35). Woodworking, (36). Debate, (37). Architecture, (38). Assessing gold and gems, (39). Metallurgy, (40). Cutting and polishing diamonds, (41). Searching for ore, (42). Special knowledge of trees and plants, (43). Cock fighting, (44). Interpreting the songs of birds, (45). Massage, (46). Hair care, (47). Sign language, (48). Learning foreign languages, (49). Scholarship in local languages, (50). Predicting the future, (51). Mechanical engineering, (52). Strengthening memory power, (53). Learning by ear, (54). Instantaneous verse-making, (55). Decisiveness in action, (56). Pretence, (57). Prosody, (58). Preserving clothes, (59). Gambling, (60). Playing dice, (61). Playing with children, (62). Rules of respectful behaviour, (63). Art of storytelling and entertaining, (like bards and minstrels) and (64). Grasping the essence of subjects.
(1). बुद्धि का निश्चयात्मक हो जाना।
(2). अनेक जन्मों की सुधि आने लगती है।
(3). चित्त वृत्ति नष्ट हो जाती है।
(4). अहंकार नष्ट हो जाता है।
(5). संकल्प-विकल्प समाप्त हो जाते हैं। स्वयं के स्वरुप का बोध होने लगता है।
(6). आकाश तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। कहा हुआ प्रत्येक शब्द सत्य होता है।
(7). वायु तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। स्पर्श मात्र से रोग मुक्त कर देता है।
(8). अग्नि तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। दृष्टि मात्र से कल्याण करने की शक्ति आ जाती है।
(9). जल तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जल स्थान दे देता है। नदी, समुद्र आदि कोई बाधा नहीं रहती।
(10). पृथ्वी तत्व में पूर्ण नियंत्रण हो जाता है। हर समय देह से सुगंध आने लगती है, नींद, भूख प्यास नहीं लगती।
(11). जन्म, मृत्यु, स्थिति अपने अधीन हो जाती है।
(12). समस्त भूतों से एक रूपता हो जाती है और सब पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। जड़ चेतन इच्छानुसार कार्य करते हैं।
(13). समय पर नियंत्रण हो जाता है। देह वृद्धि रुक जाती है अथवा अपनी इच्छा से होती है।
(14). सर्व व्यापी हो जाता है। एक साथ अनेक रूपों में प्रकट हो सकता है। पूर्णता अनुभव करता है। लोक कल्याण के लिए संकल्प धारण कर सकता है।
(15). कारण का भी कारण हो जाता है। यह अव्यक्त अवस्था है।
(16). उत्तरायण कला :- अपनी इच्छा अनुसार समस्त दिव्यता के साथ अवतार रूप में जन्म लेता है जैसे राम, कृष्ण। यहाँ उत्तरायण के प्रकाश की तरह उसकी दिव्यता फैलती है।
सोलहवीं कला पहले और पन्द्रहवीं को बाद में स्थान दिया है। इससे निर्गुण सगुण स्थिति भी सुस्पष्ट हो जाती है। सोलह कला युक्त पुरुष में व्यक्त अव्यक्त की सभी कलाएं होती हैं। यही दिव्यता है।
64 कला :: विद्याओं-विधाओं का वर्गीकरण-विभाजन पद गरिमा, वर्ण व्यवस्था के अनुरूप है।
व्यवहारिक 44 कलाएँ :– (1). ध्यान, प्राणायाम, आसन आदि की विधि, (2). हाथी, घोड़ा, रथ आदि चलाना, (3). मिट्टी और कांच के बर्तनों को साफ रखना, (4). लकड़ी के सामान पर रंग-रोगन सफाई करना, (5). धातु के बर्तनों को साफ करना और उन पर पालिश करना, (6). चित्र बनाना, (7). तालाब, बावड़ी, कमान आदि बनाना, (8). घड़ी, बाजों और दूसरी मशीनों को सुधारना, (9). वस्त्र रंगना, (10). न्याय, काव्य, ज्योतिष, व्याकरण सीखना, (11). नाव, रथ, आदि बनाना, (12). प्रसव विज्ञान, (13). कपड़ा बुनना, सूत कांतना, धुनना, (14). रत्नों की परीक्षा करना, (15). वाद-विवाद, शास्त्रार्थ करना, (16). रत्न एवं धातुएं बनाना, (17). आभूषणों पर पालिश करना, (18). चमड़े की मृदंग, ढोल नगारे, वीणा वगैरेह तैयार करना, (19). वाणिज्य, (20). दूध दुहना, (21). घी, मरूवन तपाना, (22). कपड़े सीना, (23). तरना, (24). घर को सुव्यवस्थित रखना, (25). कपड़े धोना, (26). केश-श्रृंगार, (27). मृदु भाषण वाक्पटुता, (28). बांस के टोकने, पंखे, चटाई आदि बनाना, (29). कांच के बर्तन बनाना, (30). बाग बगीचे लगाना, वृक्षारोपण, जल सिंचन करना, (31). शस्त्रादि निर्माण, (32). गादी गोदड़े-तकिये बनाना, (33). तैल निकालना, (34). वृक्ष पर चढ़ना, (35). बच्चों का पालन पोषण करना, (36). खेती करना, (37). अपराधी को उचित दंड देना, (38). भांति भांति के अक्षर लिखना, (39). पान सुपारी बनाना और खाना, (40). प्रत्येक काम सोच समझकर करना, (41). समयज्ञ बनना, (42). रंगे हुए चांवलों से मंडल मांडना, (43). सुगन्धित इत्र, तैल-धूपादि बनाना एवं, (44). हस्त कौशल-जादू के खेल से मनोरंजन करना।
संगीत की 7 कलाएं :- (1). नृत्य, (2). वादन, (3). श्रृंगार, (4). आभूषण, (5). हास्यादि हाव-भाव, (6). शय्या-सजाना और (7). शतरंज आदि कौतुकी क्रीड़ा करना। संगीत और नृत्य की भी 64-64 विधाएँ हैं।
आयुर्वेद शास्त्र की 8 कलाएं :- (1). आसव, सिर्का, आचार, चटनी, मुरब्बे बनाना, (2). कांटा-सूई आदि शरीर में से निकालना, आंख का कचरा कंकर निकालना, (3). पाचक चूर्ण बनाना, (4). औषधि के पौधे लगाना, (5). पाक बनाना, (6). धातु, विष, उपविष के गुण दोष जानना, (7). भभके से अर्क खीचना और (8). रसायन-भस्मादि बनाना।
धनुर्वेद सम्बन्धी 5 कलाएं :- (1). लड़ाई लड़ना, (2). कुश्ती लड़ना, (3). निशाना लगाना और (4). व्यूह प्रवेश-निर्गमन एवं रचना।
निम्न 64 कलाओं में पारंगत थे भगवान् श्री कृष्ण :: (1). नृत्य-नाचना, (2). वाद्य- तरह-तरह के बाजे बजाना, (3). गायन विद्या-गायकी, (4). नाट्य-तरह-तरह के हाव-भाव व अभिनय, (5). इंद्रजाल- जादूगरी, (6). नाटक आख्यायिका आदि की रचना करना, (7). सुगंधित चीजें- इत्र, तेल आदि बनाना, (8). फूलों के आभूषणों से श्रृंगार करना, (9). बेताल आदि को वश में रखने की विद्या, (10). बच्चों के खेल, (11). विजय प्राप्त कराने वाली विद्या, (12). मन्त्रविद्या, (13). शकुन-अपशकुन जानना, प्रश्नों उत्तर में शुभाशुभ बतलाना, (14). रत्नों को अलग-अलग प्रकार के आकारों में काटना, (15). कई प्रकार के मातृका यन्त्र बनाना, (16). सांकेतिक भाषा बनाना, (17). जल को बांधना, (18). बेल-बूटे बनाना, (19). चावल और फूलों से पूजा के उपहार की रचना करना। (देव पूजन या अन्य शुभ मौकों पर कई रंगों से रंगे चावल, जौ आदि चीजों और फूलों को तरह-तरह से सजाना), (20). फूलों की सेज बनाना, (21). तोता-मैना आदि की बोलियां बोलना-इस कला के जरिए तोता-मैना की तरह बोलना या उनको बोल सिखाए जाते हैं, (22). वृक्षों की चिकित्सा, (23). भेड़, मुर्गा, बटेर आदि को लड़ाने की रीति, (24). उच्चाटन की विधि, (25). घर आदि बनाने की कारीगरी, (26). गलीचे, दरी आदि बनाना, (27). बढ़ई की कारीगरी, (28). पट्टी, बेंत, बाण आदि बनाना यानी आसन, कुर्सी, पलंग आदि को बेंत आदि चीजों से बनाना।, (29). तरह-तरह खाने की चीजें बनाना यानी कई तरह सब्जी, रस, मीठे पकवान, कड़ी आदि बनाने की कला, (30). हाथ की फूर्ती के काम, (31). चाहे जैसा वेष धारण कर लेना, (32). तरह-तरह पीने के पदार्थ बनाना, (33). द्यू्त क्रीड़ा, (34). समस्त छन्दों का ज्ञान, (35). वस्त्रों को छिपाने या बदलने की विद्या, (36). दूर के मनुष्य या वस्तुओं का आकर्षण, (37). कपड़े और गहने बनाना, (38). हार-माला आदि बनाना, (39). विचित्र सिद्धियां दिखलाना यानी ऐसे मंत्रों का प्रयोग या फिर जड़ी-बुटियों को मिलाकर ऐसी चीजें या औषधि बनाना जिससे शत्रु कमजोर हो या नुकसान उठाए, (40). कान और चोटी के फूलों के गहने बनाना-स्त्रियों की चोटी पर सजाने के लिए गहनों का रूप देकर फूलों को गूंथना, (41). कठपुतली बनाना, नाचना, (42), प्रतिमा आदि बनाना, (43). पहेलियां बूझना, (44). सूई का काम यानी कपड़ों की सिलाई, रफू, कसीदाकारी व मोजे, बनियान या कच्छे बुनना, (45). बालों की सफाई का कौशल, (46). मुट्ठी की चीज या मनकी बात बता देना, (47). कई देशों की भाषा का ज्ञान, (48). मलेच्छ-काव्यों का समझ लेना-ऐसे संकेतों को लिखने व समझने की कला जो उसे जानने वाला ही समझ सके, (49). सोने, चांदी आदि धातु तथा हीरे-पन्ने आदि रत्नों की परीक्षा, (50). सोना-चांदी आदि बना लेना, (51). मणियों के रंग को पहचानना, (52). खानों की पहचान, (53). चित्रकारी, (54). दांत, वस्त्र और अंगों को रंगना, (55). शय्या-रचना, (56). मणियों की फर्श बनाना यानी घर के फर्श के कुछ हिस्से में मोती, रत्नों से जड़ना, (57). कूटनीति, (58). ग्रंथों को पढ़ाने की चातुराई, (59). नई-नई बातें निकालना, 60). समस्यापूर्ति करना, (61). समस्त कोशों का ज्ञान, (62). मन में कटक रचना करना यानी किसी श्लोक आदि में छूटे पद या चरण को मन से पूरा करना, (63). छल से काम निकालना एवं 64). कानों के पत्तों की रचना करना यानी शंख, हाथीदांत सहित कई तरह के कान के गहने तैयार करना।
64 KALA कला ARTS :: According to the Vam Keshwar Tantr, there are 64 books called Kala. Many combinations depending over use and faculties are available.
(1). Vocal music, (2). Instrumental music, (3). Dance, (4). Acting, (5). Painting, (6). Making emblems, (7). Making garlands and other creations with flowers, (8). Artwork for mattresses, (9). Artwork for bedspreads, (10). Body aesthetics, (11). House decoration, (12). Making musical instruments operated by water (like Jal Tarang जल तरंग), (13). Making sound effects in water, (14). Costume and fashion design, (15). Making pearl necklaces, (16). Hair styling, (17). Art of dressing, (18). Making ear ornaments, (19). Flower decoration, (20). Food styling, (21). Magic, (22). Landscaping, (23). Manicure, (24). Pastry making, (25). Making drinks, (26). Sewing, (27). Making nets, (28). Solving and creating riddles, (29). Reciting poems, (30). Discoursing on epics and poetical works, (31). Reading, (32). Attending theatrical plays, (33). Completing verses left unfinished (samasya, समस्या, problems) by others as a challenge, (34). Making cane furniture, (35). Woodworking, (36). Debate, (37). Architecture, (38). Assessing gold and gems, (39). Metallurgy, (40). Cutting and polishing diamonds, (41). Searching for ore, (42). Special knowledge of trees and plants, (43). Cock fighting, (44). Interpreting the songs of birds, (45). Massage, (46). Hair care, (47). Sign language, (48). Learning foreign languages, (49). Scholarship in local languages, (50). Predicting the future, (51). Mechanical engineering, (52). Strengthening memory power, (53). Learning by ear, (54). Instantaneous verse-making, (55). Decisiveness in action, (56). Pretence, (57). Prosody, (58). Preserving clothes, (59). Gambling, (60). Playing dice, (61). Playing with children, (62). Rules of respectful behaviour, (63). Art of storytelling and entertaining, (like bards and minstrels) and (64). Grasping the essence of subjects.
EDUCATION IN 19th CENTURY :: The first school in England opened in 1,811. At that time India had 7,32,000 Gurukuls. India, Bharat, Hindustan had been maintaining Gurukul Pranali-System ever since. The Britishers struck at the root of this system and introduced the education system of those who themselves were almost ignorant, uneducated, uncultured, unethical, uncivilised, more or less barbarians. Some of the branches of education, which are sub branches of the main 64 arts & sciences are listed below :-
(1). Agni Vidya (Metallurgy),
(2). Vayu Vidya (Flight),
(3). Water Education (Navigation),
(4). Space Science (Space Science),
(5). Prithvi Vidya (Environment),
(6). Surya Vidya (Solar Study),
(7). Chandra and Lok Vidya (Lunar Study),
(8). Megh Vidya (Weather Forecast),
(9). Substance Electric Education (Battery),
(10). Solar Energy Vidya (Solar Energy)
(11). Day-night vidya,
(12). Srishti Vidya (Space Research),
(13). Astronomy,
(14). Geography knowledge (Geography),
(15). Kal Vidya (Time),
(16). Geology Education (Geology Mining),
(17). Gemstones and Metals (Gems & Metals),
(18). Attraction Vidya (Gravity),
(19). Prakash Vidya (Solar Energy),
(20). Vidya (Communication),
(21). Aircraft Vidya (Plane),
22). Jal Yan Vidya (Ship building, Water Vessels),
(23). Agney Astr Vidya (Fire Arms & Ammunition),
(24). Biology Sciences (Zoology Botany),
(25). Yag Vidya,
(26). Commerce,
(27). Agriculture,
(28). Animal husbandry,
(29). Bird Keeping,
(30). Animal Training,
(31). Yan Machine (Mechanics),
(32). Chariot (Vehicle Designing),
(33). Swarnkar स्वर्णकार (Gold, Jewellery, ornaments, Gems),
(34). Gold Car (Jewellery Designing),
(35). Clothing Man (Textile),
(36). Pottery (Pottery),
(37). Blacksmith (Metallurgy),
(38). Tarkas (bows & arrow),
(39). Dying,
(40). Khatwakar,
(41). Rajjukar (Logistics),
(42). Architect,
(43). Cuisine (Cooking),
(44). Chariot making & Driving,
(45). River-Water Management,
(46). Indicators (Data Entry),
(47). Gaushala Manager, Cowshed management,
(48). Garden Tents (बाग़वानी, Horticulture),
(49). Forest Pal (Horticulture)
(50). Measurement.
Education was free in the Gurukuls.
Lord Macaulay did his best to destroy the ancient Indian system of education successfully. One of the British officer was G.W.Luther and the other was Thomas Munro, both of them had surveyed different areas at different times. Luther, who surveyed North India, & wrote that there is 97% literacy here and Munro, who surveyed South India, wrote that here there is 100% literacy.
64 KALA FINE ARTS & CRAFTS :: GEET गीत :- Art of singing-vocal music,
Vadya :- Art of playing on musical instruments.
Nraty : Art of dancing.
Naty : Art of theatricals.
Alekh : Art of painting
Vishesh Kacchedy : Art of painting the face and body with coloured unguents and cosmetics.
Tandul Kusumavali Vikar : Art of preparing offerings from rice and flowers.
Pushpastaran : Art of making a covering of flowers for a bed.
Dashanvasanang raag : Art of applying preparations for cleansing the teeth, cloths and painting the body.
Mani Bhumik Karm : Art of making the groundwork of jewels.
Shayan rachana : Art of covering the bed.
Udak Vady : Art of playing on music in water.
Udakaghata : Art of splashing with water.
Chitr Yog : Art of practically applying an admixture of colours.
Malya grantha vikalpa : Art of designing a preparation of wreaths.
Kesha-shekhara-pidyojana : Art of practically setting the coronet on the head.
Nepathyayog : Art of practically dressing in the tiring room.
Karnapatrabhang : Art of decorating the tragus of the ear.
Gandh Yukti (Sugandh Yukti) : Art of practical application of aromatics.
Bhushanayojan : Art of applying or setting ornaments.
Indr Jal : Art of jugglery.
Kouchumar Yog : A kind of art.
Hastalaghav : Art of sleight of hand.
Chitra Shabdapup Bhakshya Vikar Kriya : Art of preparing varieties of salad, bread, cake and delicious food.
Panaka-rasa-ragasava-yojana : Art of practically preparing palatable drinks and tinging draughts with red color.
Suchikarma : Art of needleworks and weaving.
Sutrakarma : Art of playing with thread.
Vina-damuraka-vadya : Art of playing on lute and small x-shaped drum.
Prahelika : Art of making and solving riddles.
Pratimala : Art of caping or reciting verse for verse as a trial for memory or skill.
Durvachakayog : Art of practicing language difficult to be answered by others.
Pustakvachan : Art of reciting books.
Natakakhyayika darshan : Art of enacting short plays and anecdotes.
Kavyasamasyapurti : Art of solving enigmatic verses.
Pattika vetra-ban-vikalpa : Art of designing preparation of shield, cane and arrows.
Turkakarma : Art of spinning by spindle.
Takshan : Art of carpentry.
Vastuvidya : Art of engineering.
Roupya ratna pariksha : Art of testing silver and jewels.
Dhatuvad : Art of metallurgy.
Maniraagdnyan : Art of tinging jewels.
Aakardnyan : Art of mineralogy.
Vrukshayurvedyog : Art of practicing medicine or medical treatment, by herbs.
Mesh-kukkut-lavakyudhha vidhi : Art of knowing the mode of fighting of lambs, cocks and birds.
Shukasarika prapalana : Art of maintaining or knowing conversation between male and female cockatoos.
Utsadan : Art of healing or cleaning a person with perfumes.
Keshmarjan koushal : Art of combing hair.
Akshar mushtikakathan : Art of talking with letters and fingers.
Mlencchitkalavikalpa : Art of fabricating barbarous or foreign sophistry.
Deshbhashadnyan : Art of knowing provincial dialects.
Pushpa-shakatika-nimittadnyan : Art of knowing prediction by heavenly voice or knowing preparation of toy carts by flowers.
Yantramatruka : Art of mechanics.
Dharanmatruka : Art of the use of amulets.
Sampathy (Sam Vachy) : Art of conversation.
Manasikavya : Art of composing verse mentally.
Kriyavikalpa : Art of designing a literary work or a medical remedy.
Chalik Yog-Chalitak Yog : Art of practicing as a builder of shrines called after him.
Abhidhankosh chhandodnyan : Art of the use of lexicography and meters.
Vastragopan : Art of concealment of cloths.
Dyut visesha : Art of knowing specific gambling.
Aakarshan krida : Art of playing with dice or magnet.
Balkridakarma : Art of using children's toys.
Vainayiki vidyadnyan : Art of enforcing discipline.
Vaijayiki vidyadnyan : Art of gaining victory.
Vyayamiki vidyadnyan : Art of awakening master with music at dawn.
64 subjects taught to girls along with sex education in ancient times in India as per Vatsyayan :: A female, therefore, should learn the Kam Shastr or at least a part of it, by studying its practice from some confidential friend. She should study alone in private the sixty-four practices that form a part of the Kam Shastr. Her teacher should either be the daughter of a nurse brought up with her and already married or a female friend who could be trusted in everything or the sister of her mother (i.e. her aunt) or an old female servant or a female beggar who may have formerly lived in the family or her own sister who could always be trusted.
As a matter of fact this subject is neither taught nor learnt by any one in today's world. So, every one is getting superfluous knowledge over this subject. Chances of exploitation are open. There was a time in India during Mughal era, when the Muslim Nababs-rulers of small units, used to send their boys to the prostitutes to learn manners. What they learnt side by side is not a mystery!
The girls were supposed to learn the following arts together with the Kam Sutr to become a suitable house wife :-
(1). Singing, (2). Playing on musical instruments, (3). Dancing, (4). Union of dancing, singing, and playing instrumental music, (5). Writing, (6). drawing, (7). Tattooing, (8). Arraying and adorning an idol with rice and flowers, (9). Spreading and arranging beds or couches of flowers or flowers upon the ground, (10). Colouring the teeth, garments, hair, nails and bodies, i.e. staining, dyeing, colouring and painting the same, (11). Fixing stained glass into a floor, (12). The art of making beds, and spreading out carpets and cushions for reclining, (13). Playing on musical glasses filled with water, (14). Storing and accumulating water in aqueducts, cisterns and reservoirs, (15). Picture making, (15.1). trimming and (15.2). decorating, (16). Stringing of rosaries, necklaces, garlands and wreaths, (17). Binding of turbans and chaplets and making crests and top-knots of flowers, (18). Scenic representations, stage playing Art of making ear ornaments Art of preparing perfumes and odours, (19). Proper disposition of jewels and decorations and adornment in dress, (20). Magic or sorcery, (21). Quickness of hand or manual skill, (22). Culinary art, i.e. cooking and cookery, (23). Making lemonades, sherbets, acidulated (अम्लयुक्त पेय) drinks and spirituous extracts with proper flavor and colour, (24). Tailor's work and sewing, (25). Making parrots, flowers, tufts, tassels, bunches, bosses, knobs, etc., out of yarn or thread, (26). Solution of riddles, enigmas, covert speeches, verbal puzzles and enigmatically (रहस्यपूर्ण, गूढ़, अज्ञेय, पेचीदा, अस्पष्ट, गूढ) subtle, Enigmatic, Inexplicable, Mysterious, Mystic questions, (27). A game, which consisted in repeating verses and as one person finished, another person had to commence at once, repeating another verse, beginning with the same letter with which the last speaker's verse ended, whoever failed to repeat was considered to have lost, and to be subject to pay a forfeit or stake of some kind (अंताक्षरी), (28). The art of mimicry or imitation, (29). Reading, including chanting and intoning, (30). Study of sentences difficult to pronounce. It is played as a game chiefly by women and children and consists of a difficult sentence being given and when repeated quickly, the words are often transposed or badly pronounced, (31). Practice with sword, single stick, quarter staff and bow and arrow, (32). Drawing inferences, reasoning or inferring, Carpentry or the work of a carpenter, (33). Architecture or the art of building, (34). Knowledge about gold and silver coins and jewels and gems, (35). Chemistry and mineralogy, (36). Colouring jewels, gems and beads, (37). Knowledge of mines and quarries, (38). Gardening; knowledge of treating the diseases of trees and plants, of nourishing them, and determining their ages, (39). Art of cock fighting, quail fighting and ram fighting, (40). Art of teaching parrots and starlings to speak, (41). Art of applying perfumed ointments to the body, and of dressing the hair with unguents and perfumes and braiding it, (42). The art of understanding writing in cipher and the writing of words in a peculiar way, (43). The art of speaking by changing the forms of words. It is of various kinds. Some speak by changing the beginning and end of words, others by adding unnecessary letters between every syllable of a word, and so on, (44). Knowledge of language and of the vernacular dialects, (45). Art of making flower carriages, (46). Art of framing mystical diagrams, of addressing spells and charms, and binding armlets, (47). Mental exercises, such as completing stanzas or verses on receiving a part of them or supplying one, two or three lines when the remaining lines are given indiscriminately from different verses, so as to make the whole an entire verse with regard to its meaning; or arranging the words of a verse written irregularly by separating the vowels from the consonants, or leaving them out altogether; or putting into verse or prose sentences represented by signs or symbols. There are many other such exercises, (48). Composing poems, (49). Knowledge of dictionaries and vocabularies, (50). Knowledge of ways of changing and disguising the appearance of persons, (51). Knowledge of the art of changing the appearance of things, such as making cotton to appear as silk, coarse and common things to appear as fine and good, (52). Various ways of gambling, (53). Art of obtaining possession of the property of others by means of Mantrs or incantations, (54). Skill in youthful sports, (55). Knowledge of the rules of society and of how to pay respect and compliments to others, (56). Knowledge of the art of war, of arms, of armies, etc., (57). Knowledge of gymnastics, (58). Art of knowing the character of a man from his features, (59). Knowledge of scanning or constructing verses, (60). Arithmetical recreations, (61). Making artificial flowers, (62). Making figures and images in clay
A public woman, endowed with a good disposition, beauty and other winning qualities and also versed in the above arts, obtains the name of a Ganika (Prostitute, गणिका, वैश्या, कोठेवाली, नगरवधु) or public woman of high quality and receives a seat of honor in an assemblage of men. She is, moreover, always respected by the king and praised by learned men, and her favor being sought for by all, she becomes an object of universal regard. The daughter of a king too as well as the daughter of a minister, being learned in the above arts, can make their husbands favourable to them, even though these may have thousands of other wives besides themselves. And in the same manner, if a wife becomes separated from her husband and falls into distress, she can support herself easily, even in a foreign country, by means of her knowledge of these arts. Even the bare knowledge of them gives attractiveness to a woman, though the practice of them may be only possible or otherwise according to the circumstances of each case. A man who is versed in these arts, who is loquacious (बातूनी, मुखर, वाचाल) and acquainted with the arts of gallantry, gains very soon the hearts of women, even though he is only acquainted with them for a short time.
64 KALA कला ARTS :: According to the Vam Keshwar Tantr, there are 64 books called Kala. Many combinations depending over use and faculties are available.
(1). Vocal music, (2). Instrumental music, (3). Dance, (4). Acting, (5). Painting, (6). Making emblems, (7). Making garlands and other creations with flowers, (8). Artwork for mattresses, (9). Artwork for bedspreads, (10). Body aesthetics, (11). House decoration, (12). Making musical instruments operated by water (like Jal Tarang जल तरंग), (13). Making sound effects in water, (14). Costume and fashion design, (15). Making pearl necklaces, (16). Hair styling, (17). Art of dressing, (18). Making ear ornaments, (19). Flower decoration, (20). Food styling, (21). Magic, (22). Landscaping, (23). Manicure, (24). Pastry making, (25). Making drinks, (26). Sewing, (27). Making nets, (28). Solving and creating riddles, (29). Reciting poems, (30). Discoursing on epics and poetical works, (31). Reading, (32). Attending theatrical plays, (33). Completing verses left unfinished (Samasya, समस्या, problems) by others as a challenge, (34). Making cane furniture, (35). Woodworking, (36). Debate, (37). Architecture, (38). Assessing gold and gems, (39). Metallurgy, (40). Cutting and polishing diamonds, (41). Searching for ore, (42). Special knowledge of trees and plants, (43). Cock fighting, (44). Interpreting the songs of birds, (45). Massage, (46). Hair care, (47). Sign language, (48). Learning foreign languages, (49). Scholarship in local languages, (50). Predicting the future, (51). Mechanical engineering, (52). Strengthening memory power, (53). Learning by ear, (54). Instantaneous verse-making, (55). Decisiveness in action, (56). Pretence, (57). Prosody, (58). Preserving clothes, (59). Gambling, (60). Playing dice, (61). Playing with children, (62). Rules of respectful behavior, (63). Art of storytelling and entertaining, (like bards and minstrels) and (64). Grasping the essence of subjects.
Kautily Arth Shastr by Kautily (302 BC): It’s beautiful treatise on governance by Guru-master of Chandr Gupt Maury. Maha Bharat is an epic, but in itself it's a wonderful book on administration and mode of living during the present cosmic era called Kali Yug. It’s too associated with Arth Shastr.
TAKSHSHILA UNIVERSITY :: At a time when the Dark Ages were looming large, the existence of a university of Takshshila’s grandeur really makes India stand apart way ahead of the European countries who struggled with ignorance and total information blackout. For the Indian subcontinent Taxila stood as a light house of higher knowledge and pride of India. In the present day world, Taxila is situated in Pakistan at a place called Rawalpindi. The university accommodated more than 10,000 students at a time. The university offered courses spanning a period of more than eight years. The students were admitted after graduating from their own countries. Aspiring students opted for elective subjects going for in depth studies in specialised branches of learning. After graduating from the university, the students are recognized as the best scholars in the subcontinent. It became a cultural heritage as time passed. Taxila was the junction where people of different origins mingled with each other and exchanged knowledge of their countries. The university was famous as "Taxila" university, named after the city where it was situated. The king and rich people of the region used to donate lavishly for the development of the university. In the religious scriptures also, Taxila is mentioned as the place where the king of snakes, Vasuki selected Taxila for the dissemination of knowledge on earth.
Here it would be essential to mention briefly the range of subjects taught in the university of Taxila.
(1) Science,
(2) Philosophy,
(3) Ayurved,
(4) Grammar of various languages,
(5) Mathematics,
(6) Economics,
(7) Astrology,
(8) Geography,
(9) Astronomy,
(10) Surgical science,
(11) Agricultural sciences, (12) Archery and Ancient and Modern Sciences.
The university also used to conduct researches on various subjects.
पुत्राश्च विविधै: शीलैर्नियोज्या: सततं बुधै:।
नीतिज्ञा: शीलसम्पन्ना भवन्ति कुल पूजिता:॥
बुद्धिमान पिता को अपने बच्चों को अच्छे-शुभ गुण (संस्कार, आदतें) देने चाहिये, क्योंकि नीतिज्ञ और ज्ञानी व्यक्तियों की ही कुल में पूजा होती है।[चाणक्य नीति 2.10] A wise man should always impart quality education (constituting of morality, virtues, ethics) to his sons-progeny, children including daughters, since only the enlightened statesmen are honoured in the clan (hierarchy, dynasty).
The intelligent-prudent father should make endeavours to build character of his sons-progeny, since only those people, who understand manners of conducting oneself (right, moral conduct, morality, ethics, prudent counsel, policy, political wisdom, statesmanship), having faith in God, pious (virtuous, virtuous, righteous, truthful nature, tending naturally disposed to) tolerant (progressive, moral, decent conduct, moral quality or principle) are respected in the society.
Mother is the first teacher followed by the father and later by the school and company who make their imprints on the behaviour-character of the child. Parents should be vigilant regarding the company of their children. He should be guided till he crosses the juvenile age. Thereafter, they should advice him in a friendly manner. The children who are brought up by the servants may turn into sycophants, anti social, criminals, devoid of love (affection, guidance) of parents. Such children may find themselves isolated from the society.
Its a grave reality that the kids acquire bad habits, foul language, indecent behaviour from the servants and suffer throughout their life. The impact of bad society in the childhood is ever lasting.
The intelligent-prudent father should make endeavours to build character of his sons-progeny, since only those people, who understand manners of conducting oneself (right, moral conduct, morality, ethics, prudent counsel, policy, political wisdom, statesmanship), having faith in God, pious (virtuous, virtuous, righteous, truthful nature, tending naturally disposed to) tolerant (progressive, moral, decent conduct, moral quality or principle) are respected in the society.
Mother is the first teacher followed by the father and later by the school and company who make their imprints on the behaviour-character of the child. Parents should be vigilant regarding the company of their children. He should be guided till he crosses the juvenile age. Thereafter, they should advice him in a friendly manner. The children who are brought up by the servants may turn into sycophants, anti social, criminals, devoid of love (affection, guidance) of parents. Such children may find themselves isolated from the society.
Its a grave reality that the kids acquire bad habits, foul language, indecent behaviour from the servants and suffer throughout their life. The impact of bad society in the childhood is ever lasting.
माता शत्रु: पिता वैरी येन बालो न पाठित:।
न शोभते सभामध्ये हंसमध्ये वको यथा॥
जो माता व पिता अपने बच्चों को शिक्षा नहीं देते, वे तो बच्चों के शत्रु के समान हैं। क्योंकि वे विद्याहीन बालक विद्वानों की सभा में वैसे ही तिरस्कृत किये जाते हैं, जैसे हंसों की सभा में बगुले।[चाणक्य नीति 2.11]Those parents who do not educate their child are his enemy. An uneducated person in the company (meeting, congregation, conference) of enlightened is like the crane in the flock-group of flamingos.मूर्ख
Education makes a social being who may be respected by others. One devoid of education, is like the animal without horn or tail. Education is a possession which can not be stolen. Education imparts knowledge, understanding, skill, training to deal with various situations along with means of earning. Educated person can distinguish between right or wrong, fair or foul, good or bad.
There is a lot of difference between the education imparted in ancient India and the present India. Present system is inheritance of colonial rule. It has nothing to do with the culture, values, morals, ethics etc. In fact it does not prepare the child for future.
Majority of the populace in India is uneducated. The educated do not turn out for voting. The result is the presence of uneducated, ignorant, foolish, idiots, criminals in councils, assemblies, parliament. The degree possessed by the prime minister is not free from suspicion.
लालनाद् बहवो दोषास्ताडनाद् बहवो गुणा:।
तस्मात्पुत्रं च शिष्यं च ताडयेन्न तु लालयेत्॥
लाड़ प्यार से बच्चों में गलत आदतें पड़ती हैं। उन्हें कड़ी शिक्षा देने से वे अच्छी आदतें सीखते हैं। इसीलिए बच्चों को एकान्त में दण्डित करें, ज्यादा लाड़ ना करें।[चाणक्य नीति 2.12]Undue love and affection in bringing up children & students generate vices-defects in them. One should be strict with them and never hesitate to rebuke or punish them for their mistakes.
Its essential to enforce discipline both at home and the school. One has to be careful in dealing with the children or the students. The society and schooling has changed a lot these days. Now, the education imparted is different in nature and is given by a number of teachers.
In India specifically in Delhi one found complete anarchy and indiscipline amongest the teachers what to talk of the students as a student himself, as a teacher and as the head of a senior secondary school. The Chief Minister Kejriwal & his deputy Sisodia boast of Delhi Model which is purely farce, misleading, bluffing the public and the whole world.
As a student did not have a maths teacher in the school from 7th to 9th classes and then then in 11th class. In class 10th the answer sheets of half yearly examination of maths, were evaluated by a teacher of social studies who did not any thing of Maths.
Its essential to enforce discipline both at home and the school. One has to be careful in dealing with the children or the students. The society and schooling has changed a lot these days. Now, the education imparted is different in nature and is given by a number of teachers.
In India specifically in Delhi one found complete anarchy and indiscipline amongest the teachers what to talk of the students as a student himself, as a teacher and as the head of a senior secondary school. The Chief Minister Kejriwal & his deputy Sisodia boast of Delhi Model which is purely farce, misleading, bluffing the public and the whole world.
As a student did not have a maths teacher in the school from 7th to 9th classes and then then in 11th class. In class 10th the answer sheets of half yearly examination of maths, were evaluated by a teacher of social studies who did not any thing of Maths.
When became a teacher I found that most of the teachers were unwilling to take classes and often late or leaving school at will. The students were willing to learn and disciplined but the teachers were not willing to teach. In some cases I discovered that the teachers possessed fake degrees as well.
As a matter of fact I discovered that most of the heads were grossly incompetent, without knowledge who lacked skills to run the school. Lady heads and the scheduled caste heads were the worst.
As the head of school I disciplined the school successfully. Within 2 months the school results were raised from merely 44% to 100%.
The successive heads of education department were grossly incompetent and corrupt. The whole chain from clerk to Chairperson in the NDMC was corrupt. Though eligible, highly qualified and competent promotions were denied right from 1,980 till retirement in 2,011. Extension in service for 2 years was denied against the rules
The child learns more from the community, school, play group, friend circle, environment, TV, internet, films etc. instead of the family, parents, elders. Strictness is alright but do not forget to show affection as and when its essential. Show your sympathy, care, readiness to help. But never fulfil their undue-unreasonable demands. Education is carrier oriented at the apex level only. The life is full of competitions, road blocks, hurdles, which makes it necessary for the parents to handle them with care. "Spare the rod and spoil the child" is not present day norm.
As a matter of fact I discovered that most of the heads were grossly incompetent, without knowledge who lacked skills to run the school. Lady heads and the scheduled caste heads were the worst.
As the head of school I disciplined the school successfully. Within 2 months the school results were raised from merely 44% to 100%.
The successive heads of education department were grossly incompetent and corrupt. The whole chain from clerk to Chairperson in the NDMC was corrupt. Though eligible, highly qualified and competent promotions were denied right from 1,980 till retirement in 2,011. Extension in service for 2 years was denied against the rules
The child learns more from the community, school, play group, friend circle, environment, TV, internet, films etc. instead of the family, parents, elders. Strictness is alright but do not forget to show affection as and when its essential. Show your sympathy, care, readiness to help. But never fulfil their undue-unreasonable demands. Education is carrier oriented at the apex level only. The life is full of competitions, road blocks, hurdles, which makes it necessary for the parents to handle them with care. "Spare the rod and spoil the child" is not present day norm.
I personally feel that the child-student must not be given physical-corporal punishment under any circumstances.
श्लोकेन या तदर्द्धेन तदर्धार्धाक्षरेणवा।
अबन्ध्यंदिवसं कुर्याद् दानाध्ययन कर्मभि:॥
ऐसा एक भी दिन ना जाये जब आपने एक श्लोक, आधा श्लोक, चौथाई श्लोक या केवल श्लोक का एक अक्षर नहीं सीखा या आपने दान, अभ्यास या कोई पवित्र कार्य नहीं किया।[चाणक्य नीति 2.13]Let not a single day pass without learning a Shlok-verse, half a verse or a fourth of it or even one letter of it; nor without attending to charity, study and other pious activity.
One must devote some of his time to reading, learning scriptures, holy books, inspirational quotes, useful text, in addition to charity-donations to lead a successful-Honorable life every day.
Self reading is a good habit-hobby and helps in spending-utilising time properly. Donations should be made only to the deserving but not beyond 1/6th of ones earnings and care must be taken that this does not put his family into trouble.
One must devote some of his time to reading, learning scriptures, holy books, inspirational quotes, useful text, in addition to charity-donations to lead a successful-Honorable life every day.
Self reading is a good habit-hobby and helps in spending-utilising time properly. Donations should be made only to the deserving but not beyond 1/6th of ones earnings and care must be taken that this does not put his family into trouble.
At the age of 71, I still try to learn. I have found that generally the masses are not willing to read, what to talk of understanding, interest. I share 5 paragraphs over hindutv everyday over WhatsApp, but observer that even the stanch supporters of Hinduism have no interest in it.
गृहीत्वा दक्षिणां विप्रस्त्यजन्ति यजमानकम्।
प्राप्त विद्या गुरूं शिष्या: दग्धारणयं मृगास्तथा॥
ब्राह्मण अपने यजमानों को दक्षिणा मिलने के बाद छोड़ देते हैं, विद्यार्थी विद्या प्राप्ति के बाद गुरु को और पशु जले हुए वन को त्याग देते हैं।[चाणक्य नीति 2.18] Brahmans quit their patrons after receiving alms from them, scholars leave their teachers after receiving education from them and animals desert a forest that has been burnt down.
The manner in which a priest leaves the home of his client-house hold, the student departs his teacher on completion of education; in a similar manner the birds and animals deserts the forest and and move to some other jungle.
The gist is that one should move back to his place as soon his duties, engagements, requirements are over. One who over stays losses his respect.
Attachments, allurements, desires bind-ties one with this world. He should fulfil all his duties and pray to the Almighty so as to depart for the next birth without pain.
The manner in which a priest leaves the home of his client-house hold, the student departs his teacher on completion of education; in a similar manner the birds and animals deserts the forest and and move to some other jungle.
The gist is that one should move back to his place as soon his duties, engagements, requirements are over. One who over stays losses his respect.
Attachments, allurements, desires bind-ties one with this world. He should fulfil all his duties and pray to the Almighty so as to depart for the next birth without pain.
We have to depart this world as per dictates of the destiny. We should prepare ourselves so that we ultimately acquire our Ultimate abode i.e., the Almighty, Moksh, Salvation.
रूप यौवन संपन्ना: विशालकुलसम्भवा:।
विद्याहीना: न शोभन्ते निर्गन्धा इव किंशुका:॥
रूप और यौवन से सम्पन्न तथा कुलीन परिवार में जन्म लेने पर भी विद्या हीन पुरुष पलाश-ढाक के फूल के समान है, जो सुन्दर तो है लेकिन खुशबु रहित है।[चाणक्य नीति 3.8] One born in high class (noble, respectable, rich) family and blessed with beauty, good lucks (attractive features-personality, handsome) do not command respect-recognition in the society, in the absence of education just like the red coloured flowers of butea, bastard teak, which are devoid of smell-fragrance.
Smell less flowers are neither offered to the deities nor used for making garlands by the people.
Those people who are devoid of wisdom, knowledge, education do not commend any respect in the society even if they reach highest possible rank in the society-politics by hook or crook like the present day politicians, preachers like Asa Ram, Radhey Maa, Ram Rahim, Nirmal Baba, Ram Dev Yadav, Ram Vraksh Yadav. The list of Muslim imposter is unending-long.
Smell less flowers are neither offered to the deities nor used for making garlands by the people.
Those people who are devoid of wisdom, knowledge, education do not commend any respect in the society even if they reach highest possible rank in the society-politics by hook or crook like the present day politicians, preachers like Asa Ram, Radhey Maa, Ram Rahim, Nirmal Baba, Ram Dev Yadav, Ram Vraksh Yadav. The list of Muslim imposter is unending-long.
कोकिलानां स्वरों रूपं स्त्रीणां रूपं पतिव्रतम्:।
विद्या रूपं कुरूपाणां क्षमा रूपं तपस्विनाम्॥3.9॥
कोयल की सुन्दरता उसके गायन में है, एक स्त्री की सुन्दरता उसके अपने परिवार के प्रति समर्पण में है, एक बदसूरत आदमी की सुन्दरता उसके ज्ञान में है तथा एक तपस्वी की सुन्दरता उसकी क्षमाशीलता में है।[चाणक्य नीति 3.9] The beauty of a cuckoo is in its pleasing voice, that of a woman in her unalloyed-pure, whole hearted, complete devotion to her husband, that of an ugly person is in his scholarship and that of an ascetic in his forgiveness.
Cuckoo is admired-liked for its sweet-pleasing voice, irrespective of her black colour. The real beauty of a woman lies in her devotion (faithfulness, loyalty) towards her husband & family. A beautiful woman is of no use, commands no respect, if she is a whore, socialite, characterless. An enlightened (educated, prudent) woman with normal-ordinary looks is liked, loved, admired, honoured by her family. Artists are admired because of their perfection-mastery over the art and the ascetics are regarded-respected due to their tendency-nature to forgive-pardon.
As a matter of fact, one finds people blessed-perfected with the art of singing, dancing, painting, wrestling etc. gathering (governing respect, admiration) honour in the society. No one really care for their looks-physique, cloths-dress or outlook. Saints, philosophers, teachers are found to wear simple cloths and living an ordinary life, still they act as magnets for their fans. The point here is the knowledge, characteristics, qualities, ability, skills which helps one in attaining social recognition, reverence, honours, glory not his wealth, body building, structure (Some body builders do get recognition, for their manoeuvre in body building, as well).
One is known-identified for the virtues, enlightenment, ethics, righteousness, piousity, calibre, values, truthfulness, etiquettes he possess.
Cuckoo is admired-liked for its sweet-pleasing voice, irrespective of her black colour. The real beauty of a woman lies in her devotion (faithfulness, loyalty) towards her husband & family. A beautiful woman is of no use, commands no respect, if she is a whore, socialite, characterless. An enlightened (educated, prudent) woman with normal-ordinary looks is liked, loved, admired, honoured by her family. Artists are admired because of their perfection-mastery over the art and the ascetics are regarded-respected due to their tendency-nature to forgive-pardon.
As a matter of fact, one finds people blessed-perfected with the art of singing, dancing, painting, wrestling etc. gathering (governing respect, admiration) honour in the society. No one really care for their looks-physique, cloths-dress or outlook. Saints, philosophers, teachers are found to wear simple cloths and living an ordinary life, still they act as magnets for their fans. The point here is the knowledge, characteristics, qualities, ability, skills which helps one in attaining social recognition, reverence, honours, glory not his wealth, body building, structure (Some body builders do get recognition, for their manoeuvre in body building, as well).
One is known-identified for the virtues, enlightenment, ethics, righteousness, piousity, calibre, values, truthfulness, etiquettes he possess.
उद्योगे नास्ति दारिद्र्यं जपतो नास्ति पातकम्।
मौने च कलहो नास्ति, नास्ति जागिरिते भयम्॥
जो उद्यमशील हैं, वे गरीब नहीं हो सकते, जो हर दम-वक्त, समय, भगवान् को याद करते हैं, उन्हें पाप नहीं छू सकता, जो मौन रहते हैं वो झगड़ों में नहीं पड़ते, जो जागृत रहते हैं वो निर्भय होते हैं।[चाणक्य नीति 3.11]
One who is industrious, can never be affected by poverty, one who always remembers the God remain sin free, one who maintain silence remains free from quarrel, one who is awake-alert is free from fear.
Poverty can be eliminated by continued labour, hard work honestly, endeavours, efforts, industry. A laborious person can not remain poor. Only one, who make efforts can avail-attain the riches due to him by virtue of destiny. Sins can be over come by the repeated prayers, asceticism, devotion to the Ultimate-Almighty, God. Silence is golden, an act of penances (asceticism) which helps one away from (preventing-staying away), quarrel-disputes, war. One, who is alert-awake will be able to get rid, push back, retaliate the thieves, wicked, intruders.
There are occasions when one tries to get work but fails. He does a lot of labour, still the returns are low. There is nothing to be disheartened, since the destiny is bound to play its role. All fingers are not alike, all people can not have same quantum of wealth. As a matter of fact physical labour alone, never yield wealth. One has to associate it with intelligence, prudence & chance-opportunity. Identify the opportunity and grasp-attain it. The crow snatches the piece of meat-bread as soon as it falls over the ground and the crane catches the fish as soon as it is spotted.
सुप्तस्य सिंहस्य मुखे: प्रविशन्ति न मृग:।
Deer do not enter the mouth of the lion automatically, for him to be eaten-the lion has to make efforts to kill him and eat the flash-meat. Penances, pilgrimages, devotion to God, ascetics, do help in elimination of misdeeds, criminality, vicious, wicked acts. What ever where ever one does, he should not forget the Almighty so as to alienated from the vices.
One has to break silence if the enemy tries to distract-abolish him. Be bold never reveal the plan and demolish-repel the attackers, invaders, rapist, intruders, thieves etc. Have faith in God and endeavours.
अतिरूपेण वै सीता अतिगर्वेण रावण:।
अतिदानाद् बलिर्बद्धो ह्यति सर्वत्र वर्जयेत्॥3.12॥
अत्यधिक सुन्दरता के कारण सीता का हरण हुआ, अत्यंत घमंड के कारण रावण का अंत हुआ, अत्यधिक दान देने के कारण राजा बली को बन्धन में बन्धना पड़ा, अतः सर्वत्र अति को त्यागना चाहिये।[चाणक्य नीति 3.12] One should avoid extreme of every act since; Mata Sita was abducted due to her Ultimate beauty, Ravan vanished due to his extreme, arrogance, pride-ego, king Bahu Bali was caught due to extreme charity.
Ravan was attracted-fascinated by the beauty of Maa Sita (being Goddess-perfect beauty) and over confident-proud of his might, unaware of the fact the she was born out of his component i.e., his own daughter as a human incarnation and was led to doom due to his sins and imprudence. Bahu Bali never said no to who so ever came to him to beg. He donated his empire-whole Earth-Heaven along with the Patal Lok-Nether world, under his domain and offered him self to Bhagwan Vishnu, who came to deceive him and snatch every thing, he had. Bhagwan Vishnu became happy with him by this act of sacrifice and granted Sutal Lok-the most beautiful place-abode in this Universe and agreed to protect him as a guard). Charity never goes waste. He will become next Indr-the king of deities/heaven, but leave it to meditate-asceticism of his own will.
तेते पैर पसारिये जेति लम्बी सौर।
Ravan was attracted-fascinated by the beauty of Maa Sita (being Goddess-perfect beauty) and over confident-proud of his might, unaware of the fact the she was born out of his component i.e., his own daughter as a human incarnation and was led to doom due to his sins and imprudence. Bahu Bali never said no to who so ever came to him to beg. He donated his empire-whole Earth-Heaven along with the Patal Lok-Nether world, under his domain and offered him self to Bhagwan Vishnu, who came to deceive him and snatch every thing, he had. Bhagwan Vishnu became happy with him by this act of sacrifice and granted Sutal Lok-the most beautiful place-abode in this Universe and agreed to protect him as a guard). Charity never goes waste. He will become next Indr-the king of deities/heaven, but leave it to meditate-asceticism of his own will.
तेते पैर पसारिये जेति लम्बी सौर।
अति का भला न बोलना, अति की भली न चूप।
अति का भला न बरसना, अति की भली न धूप॥
बहुत ज्यादा बोलना-बकवास करना, बहुत अधिक चुप-शांत रहना (डरकर, सहमकर दुबक जाना), अत्यधिक बरसात और बहुत तेज धूप हानिकारक हैं।[कबीर दास]
Too much of every thing is bad. One should know his limits and act accordingly. Muslims & Pakistani-Bangla Deshi's & China should know their limits and restrict to their boundaries. They are no match to Hindu's fury which is just like a volcano which will engulf both of them as soon as it erupt.
लालयेत् पंच वर्षाणि दश वर्षाणि ताडयेत्।
प्राप्ते तु षोडशे वर्षे पुत्रं मित्र वदाचरेत्॥
पाँच साल तक पुत्र का पालन-पोषण लाड़-प्यार से पालन करना चाहिए, दस साल की उम्र तक उसे छड़ी की मार से डराये, लेकिन जब वह 16 साल का हो जाए तो उसके साथ मित्र के समान व्यवहार करे।[चाणक्य नीति 3.18] One should be affectionate with the son till the age of 5 years and up to 16 he may be made to fear the punishment of cane but thereafter he has to be treated-counselled like a friend.
Its psychological to have brought up the child will love and affection till the age of 5 years. There after, till the age of 16 years, the parents have to be strict and enforce strict discipline in his mode of working-behaviour. He must not be allowed to move on the wicked-vicious path. He should learn how to respect the elders and obey them. He has to be punished, ridiculed, counselled for his misdeeds, otherwise it will be too difficult-late to mend his ways. As soon as, he becomes 16, he starts understanding the environment him self, as well. Its the duty of the parents to treat him like a grown up-friend and provide counselling as per need.
Age between 5-16 is a tender age. The child is sensitive and innocent. One can mould him quite easily. All his activities should be under supervision-watch. He need sympathy-attention and care. His justified needs-requirements should be fulfilled-met. His problems should be heard-taken care of sympathetically, tact fully, patiently. Normally, beating (slapping, rebuking, thrashing), should be avoided. Having reached the 16+ age he deserves to be treated like a fellow-friend.
Its psychological to have brought up the child will love and affection till the age of 5 years. There after, till the age of 16 years, the parents have to be strict and enforce strict discipline in his mode of working-behaviour. He must not be allowed to move on the wicked-vicious path. He should learn how to respect the elders and obey them. He has to be punished, ridiculed, counselled for his misdeeds, otherwise it will be too difficult-late to mend his ways. As soon as, he becomes 16, he starts understanding the environment him self, as well. Its the duty of the parents to treat him like a grown up-friend and provide counselling as per need.
Age between 5-16 is a tender age. The child is sensitive and innocent. One can mould him quite easily. All his activities should be under supervision-watch. He need sympathy-attention and care. His justified needs-requirements should be fulfilled-met. His problems should be heard-taken care of sympathetically, tact fully, patiently. Normally, beating (slapping, rebuking, thrashing), should be avoided. Having reached the 16+ age he deserves to be treated like a fellow-friend.
Never rebuke, beat, insult your progeny in front of others. Even a teacher has to follow this rule and prohibit harsh punishment to the pupil under any circumstances.
जब बेटे के पैर में बाप का जूता आने लगे या वह कंधे तक आने लगे, तो उसे दोस्त की तरह समझना चाहिये।
जब बेटे के पैर में बाप का जूता आने लगे या वह कंधे तक आने लगे, तो उसे दोस्त की तरह समझना चाहिये।
अपना गुस्सा अपने बच्चों पर मत निकालो।
This is justified under normal situations, yet there are circumstances, when this treatment acts otherwise-useless and punishment becomes a must. Monitoring of the son's behaviour and actions is a must for the protection of both the child and parents. During the current era the parents have to be more careful-watchful towards the behaviour of their child since he has numerous openings for learning in addition to school. Slightest inclination to bad company may spoil his life. Its possible every where whether its a government school or a public-private school. Middle class people generally prefer to send their children to public schools where the spoilt children of the affluent-rich family go for learning. There the child may suffer from inferiority complex as well.
धर्मार्थकाममोक्षाणां यस्येकोSपि न विद्यते।
जन्म-जन्मानि मर्त्येषु मरणं तस्य केवलम्॥
जो व्यक्ति धर्म, अर्थ, काम और मोक्ष अर्जित नहीं करता, वह बार-बार जन्म लेता है।[चाणक्य नीति 3.20] Dharm, Arth, Kam & Moksh are the four goals of human incarnation.
There are four attainments-achievements, which can be made by a man, through the present birth :- Dharm (religiosity, virtuousness, ethics, asceticism, eternity, piousness, purity), Arth (Money, finances, wealth), Kam (fulfilment of desires, sex and industriousness) and Moksh (emancipation, salvation, liberation, eternity, detachment).
There are people who take the human incarnation just to be born and perish.
There are four attainments-achievements, which can be made by a man, through the present birth :- Dharm (religiosity, virtuousness, ethics, asceticism, eternity, piousness, purity), Arth (Money, finances, wealth), Kam (fulfilment of desires, sex and industriousness) and Moksh (emancipation, salvation, liberation, eternity, detachment).
There are people who take the human incarnation just to be born and perish.
खाना पीना और मर जाना। Eat, drink and be merry.
They do not make efforts for any one of the above four. For such people this birth goes waste.
As a matter of fact one should make endeavours, he should strive to attain all the four goals of human incarnation, since its not at all difficult. What one needs is a continuous effort in this direction.
अपने कर्तव्य-वर्णाश्रम धर्म का पालन करने से ही अभीष्ट प्राप्त हो जाता है।
One should fulfil his duties assigned by scriptures and strive for the Ultimate i.e., Moksh though Karm, Gyan-enlightenment and Bhakti.
As a matter of fact one should make endeavours, he should strive to attain all the four goals of human incarnation, since its not at all difficult. What one needs is a continuous effort in this direction.
अपने कर्तव्य-वर्णाश्रम धर्म का पालन करने से ही अभीष्ट प्राप्त हो जाता है।
One should fulfil his duties assigned by scriptures and strive for the Ultimate i.e., Moksh though Karm, Gyan-enlightenment and Bhakti.
मूर्खां यत्र न पूज्यन्ते धान्यं यत्र सुसन्चितम्।
दाम्पत्ये कलहो नास्ति तत्र श्री: स्वयमागता॥
जिन घरों में मूर्खों का सम्मान नहीं होता (मूर्खों की बात-राय नहीं मानी जाती), अन्न का भंडारण ठीक तरीके से किया जाता है (संसाधनों का सदुपयोग होता है) और पति-पत्नी में झगड़ा नहीं होता (सामंजस्य है) वहाँ माँ लक्ष्मी का वास होता है।[चाणक्य नीति 3.21] A place where the imprudent (fools, idiots, morons, sycophants) are not honoured, food grains are preserved-protected and there is no dispute between the husband and wife, riches (Goddess Maa Laxmi) moves to such families uninvited-automatically.
Imprudent-unwise, idiot will always try to push a family in wrong direction-towards disaster. His thoughts, ideas, suggestions, advice must be ignored for one's own betterment. Food grains like wheat, rice, maize, pulses etc. should be stored, safely, protected from rodents, insects, worms, fungus, moisture etc., otherwise the family will have to face starvation death. Wastage should always be avoided. There is always scope for mutual understanding, reconciliation, compromise, affection & love between the married couple. Differences, disputes should be eliminated-settled amicably, by consulting elders, parents, honourable people of the society-locality. Ability to maneuver these faculties always boosts the wealth of a family.
Imprudent-unwise, idiot will always try to push a family in wrong direction-towards disaster. His thoughts, ideas, suggestions, advice must be ignored for one's own betterment. Food grains like wheat, rice, maize, pulses etc. should be stored, safely, protected from rodents, insects, worms, fungus, moisture etc., otherwise the family will have to face starvation death. Wastage should always be avoided. There is always scope for mutual understanding, reconciliation, compromise, affection & love between the married couple. Differences, disputes should be eliminated-settled amicably, by consulting elders, parents, honourable people of the society-locality. Ability to maneuver these faculties always boosts the wealth of a family.
Millions of tonnes of wheat is destroyed by storing in the open by the FCI. Its storage is full of faults-defects and still no action.
A family free from disputes flourishes automatically. Happiness prevails there its members are honoured by the society.
A family free from disputes flourishes automatically. Happiness prevails there its members are honoured by the society.
कामधेनुगुणा विद्या ह्यकाले फलदायिनी।
प्रवासे मात्रसद्रशी विद्या गुप्तं धनं स्मृतम्॥
विद्या कामधेनु के समान है जो हर मौसम में अमृत प्रदान करती है। वह विदेश में माता के समान रक्षक अवं हितकारी होती है। इसीलिए विद्या को एक गुप्त धन कहा जाता है।[CHANAKY NITI चाणक्य नीति 4.5] Education (learning, enlightenment, prudence) is comparable to Kam Dhenu, the divine cow which yields the desired goods (boons, desires), immediately. Its like the mother who nourishes-takes care of her child, when one is abroad. Its compared to the secret treasure which can not be stolen by any one.
विद्या एक ऐसा धन है जो बाँटने से बढ़ता है और जिसे चोर चोरी नहीं कर सकता।
Education can not be snatched, robbed, stolen. Its safe with the possessor and keeps him safe, along with helping him in an hour of need-difficult period.
An educated person is better than an uneducated, ignorant, illiterate even if one becomes rich, minister or the king.
Next Verses (CHANAKY NITI चाणक्य नीति 4.6-10, 4.14) should be read along with verses (CHANAKY NITI चाणक्य नीति 3.14-18), since they have relevance to the characteristics of son. One may exercise his discretion by replacing son with daughter in the text, since they too have become modern, equally responsible, share holders in parental as well as husbands-in law, parental (inherited, ancestral property) and are earning.
अभ्यासाद्धार्यते विद्या कुलं शीलेन धार्यते।
गुणेन ज्ञायते त्वार्य: कोपो नेत्रेण गम्यते॥5.8॥
अर्जित विद्या अभ्यास से और घर की इज्जत अच्छे व्यवहार से सुरक्षित रहती है। अच्छे गुणों से इज्जतदार आदमी को मान मिलता है। किसी भी व्यक्ति का गुस्सा उसकी आँखों में दिखता है।[चाणक्य नीति 5.8] Learning is retained through regular practice; family prestige is maintained by good behaviour; a respectable person is recognised by his excellent qualities and anger is seen in the eyes.
Repeated practice help in retention-sustaining knowledge. Virtues, high character, moral and values embedded-protected, leads to good name to the family-ancestors, possession of characters-ability leads to excellence and the eyes reveals the anger.
One has to continuously stress-insist upon the need for goodness, wisdom, learning; since only this can keep the progeny disciplined, under control preventing him from acquiring evils.
विद्या ददाति विनयम्।
Education makes one polite, well behaved, disciplined, respected in the society and helps in improving social status.
One is honoured on the basis of his ability, learning, wisdom, politeness, not the wealth. In fact one is passing through the phase, period when one is recognized by the possessions he has, not the qualification, knowledge, enlightenment. One may argue that highly qualified and learned people are bowing in front of the rich and mighty. This is Kali Yug, but what has been stated here and before is equally true. Learning, enlightenment, wisdom is to keep the anger under control, since it is reflected from the eyes helping the other person to see, find out what is going inside the brain. This too needs a lot of practice.
The ministers, billionaires, industrialists, celebrities are respected, appreciated (मुँह पर गुण गान किया जाता है, अन्यथा सब जानते हैं कि वो कितने पानी में हैं) just to win their favour, otherwise no one will ever regard them. They have accumulated most of their possessions through corruption.
वित्तेन रक्ष्यते धर्मो विद्या योगेन रक्ष्यते।
मृदुना रक्ष्यते भूप: सन्नार्या रक्ष्यते गृहम्॥
धर्म की रक्षा पैसे से होती है, ज्ञान की रक्षा प्रयोग करने से होती है, राजा से रक्षा उसकी बात मानने से होती है और घर की रक्षा एक दक्ष गृहिणी से होती है।[चाणक्य नीति 5.9] Religion is preserved-protected by wealth; knowledge by diligent practice; protection from the king by following-obeying him and a home is saved by an expert-dutiful housewife.
Wealth-money is essential for the protection of religion, culture, values; education is protected trough Yog-addition learning more and more, again and again, practice; protection from the state is obtained by following rules, regulations, payment of taxes in time & keeping away-off from all criminal activities; home-family is protected through the expertise of house wife by following family traditions, culture, norms, rituals, practices & high character, moral and values.
Construction of temples, shrines, ponds, roads, hospitals, wells, inns or any such religious, social, cultural activity meant for the welfare of others, one examine; needs lots and lots of money. One can not donate or do the acts of charity without money.
Yog connects one to the God. Karm, Gyan, Bhakti are the three dimensions of Yog. Out of these Gyan which stands for awakening, comes through learning, listening to the great saints-sages, enlightened, reading, analysing also helps one attaining Salvation. One who prepares for Salvation automatically handles the learning and his environment.
Politeness-softness in behaviour, sweet, soothing, relaxing words keeps the family-society united. The people in power should learn this. They should never become harsh. They should do their best to solve the problems with in their capacity-capability. There are the occasions-chances when the person in authority can pardon using his discretion-power, without harming others.
As a matter of rule wife's fidelity gives strength to her husband. Her character-moral, values, virtues, wisdom, intelligence, enlightenment are automatically transferred to her children, since they learn from the family atmosphere as well. Mother is the first Guru-teacher.
सती, सावित्री, सीता, अनुसूया को इसीलिये याद किया-पूजा जाता है। कैकेयी, सत्यभामा, मंदोदरी, तुलसी को इस वजह से सम्मान मिलता है।
Wealth-money is essential for the protection of religion, culture, values; education is protected trough Yog-addition learning more and more, again and again, practice; protection from the state is obtained by following rules, regulations, payment of taxes in time & keeping away-off from all criminal activities; home-family is protected through the expertise of house wife by following family traditions, culture, norms, rituals, practices & high character, moral and values.
Construction of temples, shrines, ponds, roads, hospitals, wells, inns or any such religious, social, cultural activity meant for the welfare of others, one examine; needs lots and lots of money. One can not donate or do the acts of charity without money.
Yog connects one to the God. Karm, Gyan, Bhakti are the three dimensions of Yog. Out of these Gyan which stands for awakening, comes through learning, listening to the great saints-sages, enlightened, reading, analysing also helps one attaining Salvation. One who prepares for Salvation automatically handles the learning and his environment.
Politeness-softness in behaviour, sweet, soothing, relaxing words keeps the family-society united. The people in power should learn this. They should never become harsh. They should do their best to solve the problems with in their capacity-capability. There are the occasions-chances when the person in authority can pardon using his discretion-power, without harming others.
As a matter of rule wife's fidelity gives strength to her husband. Her character-moral, values, virtues, wisdom, intelligence, enlightenment are automatically transferred to her children, since they learn from the family atmosphere as well. Mother is the first Guru-teacher.
सती, सावित्री, सीता, अनुसूया को इसीलिये याद किया-पूजा जाता है। कैकेयी, सत्यभामा, मंदोदरी, तुलसी को इस वजह से सम्मान मिलता है।
नास्ति कामसमो व्याधिर्नास्ति मोहसमो रिपु:।
नास्ति कोपसमो व्हिर्नास्ति ज्ञानात्परं सुखम्॥
वासना के समान दुष्कर कोई रोग नहीं, मोह के समान कोई शत्रु नहीं, क्रोध के समान अग्नि नहीं, स्वरूप ज्ञान के समान कोई बोध नहीं।[चाणक्य नीति 5.12]No disease is as dangerous as the Lasciviousness (sexuality, sensuality, passion, infatuation); attachment (bonding, ties) is the greatest enemy, no fire is as fierce as anger (furiosity, arrogance) & self realisation is Ultimate.
Please refer to :: (1). santoshsuvichar.blogspot.com
(2). santoshsuvichar.blogspot.com
Self restraint relives one from all sorts of vices. Sexuality lies in the mind. Ignorance provokes one to lust and immorality which, makes one incompetent, weak and fragile. Attachment to such wicked actions is the worst possible-dreaded enemy, one can have. It leads to anger-frustration, which engulfs and destroys the possessor. Prudence-enlightenment helps one overcoming-over powering them all.
Bad company-companions are the root cause of various evils-wicked acts-actions. One must desert them. Its better to be aloof as compared to the people, who lure one to sexuality. One must control his passions to be on the safe side. He should not be furious and maintain his cool-calm, in such situations.
तृण ब्रह्मविद: स्वर्गस्तृण शूरस्य जीवितम्।
जिताSक्षस्य तृण नारी नि: स्प्रहस्य जगत्॥
ब्रह्म वेत्ता और एक पराक्रमी योद्धा के लिए स्वर्ग भी तिनके के समान है। जो अनासक्त-निस्पृह है, उसके लिए स्त्री और संसार तृण के समान है।[चाणक्य नीति 5.14]
Heaven is like a straw for one who has realised the Brahmn and the brave solider. The universe and woman are like a straw for one who is detached-relinquished.
One who is blessed with Brahm Gyan (Gist of the Almighty) do not crave for any thing on the earth or else where. Even the comforts, enjoyments, passions of heaven are useless for him. For him these things are too small, since they are momentary, useless, purposeless, illusory.
Please refer to :: (1). THE GIST OF THE ULTIMATE परमात्म तत्व (2). THE GIST OF ENLIGHTENMENT तत्व ज्ञान santoshhindukosh.blogspot.com
The comforts, passions, pleasures, pains, sensuality, sexuality, lust, attractions, worldly attainments are immaterial-non existent for the one who has overcome himself-attained self realisation.
One who is brave has no value for the life. He can sacrifice his life for the mother land. One who has controlled passions, sensuality, sexuality has no value for the women.
One who has explored-identified himself finds, compares comforts, riches, wealth, with the pebbles, tones, dust.
Nothing is more beautiful, attractive, blissful, dear, pleasant, charming, comforting, perfect than the Ultimate-Almighty.
Self realisation, Santosh, contentment, satisfaction equanimity means loss of desires, allurements, bonds, ties.
विद्या मित्रं प्रवासेषु भार्या मित्रं गृहेषु च।
व्याधितस्यौषधं मित्रं धर्मो मित्रं मृतस्य च॥
विदेश-प्रवास में विद्या, घर में पत्नी बीमारी में औषधि और मरणासन्न व्यक्ति के लिए धर्म (पुण्य कर्म) ही मित्र हैं।[चाणक्य नीति 5.15] Knowledge (Education, Learning) is the true friend abroad, wife is the true friend at home, medicine is the true friend in illness-sickness and the virtuous deeds are are the true friend of a dying person.
Varnashram Dharm helps one earn his livelihood and spend he life with grace.
Dharm is the basis of all goodness. It builds, modifies, shapes, the destiny one after another birth-rebirth. It modifies the deeds-Karm of the present birth, simultaneously. Enlightenment, devotion, friendliness, virtuousness is essential for every one.
Please refer to :: santoshsuvichar.blogspot.com
Varnashram Dharm helps one earn his livelihood and spend he life with grace.
Dharm is the basis of all goodness. It builds, modifies, shapes, the destiny one after another birth-rebirth. It modifies the deeds-Karm of the present birth, simultaneously. Enlightenment, devotion, friendliness, virtuousness is essential for every one.
Please refer to :: santoshsuvichar.blogspot.com
नास्ति मेघसमं तोयं नास्ति चात्मसमं बलम्।
नास्ति चक्षु: समं तेजो नास्ति धान्य समं प्रियम्॥
वर्षा के जल के समान कोई जल नहीं है, खुद की शक्ति के समान कोई शक्ति नहीं, नेत्र ज्योति के समान कोई प्रकाश नहीं और अन्न से बढ़कर कोई संपत्ति नहीं है।[चाणक्य नीति 5.17] Rain water is superior to water from any other source. Own strength is superior to all other forms of power. Vision is superior to various other sources of light. Food grain is superior to all other kinds of food (non veg etc,).
Water from each and every source needs to be treated, desalinated, boiled, filtered, chlorinated, purified as it may be contaminated. Its subjected to RO-reverse osmosis as well for drinking purposes. First rain shavers constitute of acid rains, dust, microbes, smoke and all sorts of pollutants, but after a few minutes of rain fall the water obtained is extremely pure. There is plenty of water in the ocean but one can not drink it. One may be blessed with all sorts of defence equipment but in the absence of inner strength, self confidence and courage they are useless. The blind can not see-visualise any thing. One may have plenty to eat but satisfaction comes only when he eats bread made of grain (wheat, maize, barley, millet, rice etc.). Meat, fish, eggs are not good for health.
Please refer to :: santoshkipathshala.blogspot.com
Water from each and every source needs to be treated, desalinated, boiled, filtered, chlorinated, purified as it may be contaminated. Its subjected to RO-reverse osmosis as well for drinking purposes. First rain shavers constitute of acid rains, dust, microbes, smoke and all sorts of pollutants, but after a few minutes of rain fall the water obtained is extremely pure. There is plenty of water in the ocean but one can not drink it. One may be blessed with all sorts of defence equipment but in the absence of inner strength, self confidence and courage they are useless. The blind can not see-visualise any thing. One may have plenty to eat but satisfaction comes only when he eats bread made of grain (wheat, maize, barley, millet, rice etc.). Meat, fish, eggs are not good for health.
Please refer to :: santoshkipathshala.blogspot.com
अधना धनमिच्छन्ति वाचं चैव चतुष्पदा:।
मानवा: स्वर्गमिच्छन्ति मोक्षमिच्छन्तिदेवता:॥
निर्धन को धन की, पशु को वाणी की, मनुष्यों को स्वर्ग की और देवी-देवताओं को मुक्ति की कामना होती है।[चाणक्य नीति 5.18] Poor wants wealth, animals desire power to speak like humans, humans desire heavens and demigods-deities desires Salvation-Liberation.
One desires-wants something which is not possessed by him. Each and every organism irrespective of his abode, lacks one thing or the other and wish to acquire it. None is perfect except the God.
One who has acquired equanimity, merges his all desires in eternity-the Ultimate. His sole desire is to attain Salvation. But there are those as well, who just want Bhakti-devotion to the God and nothing more-else. They are content with what ever they have. No desires are there. No requirements are there. This is the state of extreme pleasure-bliss i.e., PERMANAND.
निता चोपनेता च यस्तु विद्यां प्रयच्छति।
अन्नदाता भयत्राता पञ्चैते पितर: स्मृता:॥
जिसने जन्म दिया, जिसने यज्ञोपवीत संस्कार किया, जिसने पढ़ाया, जिसने भोजन दिया और जिसने भयपूर्ण परिस्थितियों में बचाया वे सभी पिता का समान हैं।[चाणक्य नीति 5.22] These five people are considered (regarded, respected) like father, (1). one who gave birth, (2). one who awarded with sacred thread round the neck, (second birth of Dwijati-Swarn), before starting schooling, (3). the Guru who taught, (4). one who gives grain-food to survive and (5). the one who protects are equivalent to father.
They deserve respect-honour and should be served as and when they are in need. They make one a socially useful being, help him stand on his own feet and earn his livelihood.
They deserve respect-honour and should be served as and when they are in need. They make one a socially useful being, help him stand on his own feet and earn his livelihood.
राजपत्नी गुरो:पत्नी मित्रपत्नी तथैव च।
पत्नी माता स्वमाता च पञ्चैता मातर: स्मृता:॥
राजा की पत्नी, गुरु पत्नी, मित्र की माँ, पत्नी की माँ और अपनी माँ; ये पाँचों एक समान हैं।चाणक्य नीति 5.23] One should treat these five :- king's wife, Guru's-preceptor's wife, friend's mother, wife's mother and his own mother at par.
Traditionally the wife of the king i.e., the queen, wife of the teacher (Priest, Guru), mother of a friend, wife's mother are to be treated as own mother.
Its assumed that if one develops-generates the feeling, respect, honour for these relations, like-equivalent to a mother, his mind will not be polluted with vices, wicked ideas, sensuality, sexuality, passions. It has been noticed that some people call the daughter of the Priest, Brahman, "Maa-mother". It a part of training which begins in early child hood in some traditional-Swarn Hindu families in India.
Traditionally the wife of the king i.e., the queen, wife of the teacher (Priest, Guru), mother of a friend, wife's mother are to be treated as own mother.
Its assumed that if one develops-generates the feeling, respect, honour for these relations, like-equivalent to a mother, his mind will not be polluted with vices, wicked ideas, sensuality, sexuality, passions. It has been noticed that some people call the daughter of the Priest, Brahman, "Maa-mother". It a part of training which begins in early child hood in some traditional-Swarn Hindu families in India.
This is to protect oneself from the onslaught of sex.
कुराज राज्येन कुत: प्रजा सुखं, कुमित्र मित्रेण कुतो निवृत्ति:।
कुदारदारैश्च कुतो गृहे रति:, कुशिष्य मध्यापयत: कुतो यश:॥
कुराज्य-निकृष्ट राज्य में प्रजा, कुमित्र-नालायक से दोस्ती, निकृष्ट स्त्री के संग-साथ से सुख और निकृष्ट शिष्य को शिक्षा प्रदान करने से गुरु को मान-सम्मान कैसे मिल सकता है?[चाणक्य नीति 6.14]Neither a disorderly country, a wretched friend, a vicious woman nor can a duffer disciple grant happiness-honour to any one.
Public can not live happily in a state governed by wicked, wicked friends can not help in welfare, wicked wife can not add to happiness or sexual pleasure and wicked follower-student will never help the Guru in gaining respect.
All over the world public revolt against the misrule-rising prices, corruption, external aggression-atrocities on the common man. When free and fair elections are held such governments are wiped off. In Indian context it visualises that more than 50% of the politicians are dreaded criminals, corrupt, power hungry, without devotion to the country. They acquire wealth through dubious means and deposit it in tax heavens, abroad.
Pakistan is a country of the wicked people. There is anarchy, corruption, lack of law & order, terrorism training schools and a bankrupt government. Practically is a country of beggars, who do not mind donors-helpers like China and America. Muslim is happy in every country not ruled by Muslims.
One will not be able to find a friend these days. Acquaintance is a different phenomenon.
A wretched woman can not give either physical comfort or to her husband and children, what to talk of family-elders in laws.
It is seen that criminals-wicked become followers of well known-respected politicians, social workers, imminent philosophers-scholars and propagate their own agenda, bringing disrespect, dishonour, slur, bad name to the them.
Next, Shlok (6.15-22) give gist-essence of what one can learn from the animals to become successful person-politician.
Please refer to :: santoshkipathshala.blogspot.com for further elaboration, help, guidance, progress.
Public can not live happily in a state governed by wicked, wicked friends can not help in welfare, wicked wife can not add to happiness or sexual pleasure and wicked follower-student will never help the Guru in gaining respect.
All over the world public revolt against the misrule-rising prices, corruption, external aggression-atrocities on the common man. When free and fair elections are held such governments are wiped off. In Indian context it visualises that more than 50% of the politicians are dreaded criminals, corrupt, power hungry, without devotion to the country. They acquire wealth through dubious means and deposit it in tax heavens, abroad.
Pakistan is a country of the wicked people. There is anarchy, corruption, lack of law & order, terrorism training schools and a bankrupt government. Practically is a country of beggars, who do not mind donors-helpers like China and America. Muslim is happy in every country not ruled by Muslims.
One will not be able to find a friend these days. Acquaintance is a different phenomenon.
A wretched woman can not give either physical comfort or to her husband and children, what to talk of family-elders in laws.
It is seen that criminals-wicked become followers of well known-respected politicians, social workers, imminent philosophers-scholars and propagate their own agenda, bringing disrespect, dishonour, slur, bad name to the them.
Next, Shlok (6.15-22) give gist-essence of what one can learn from the animals to become successful person-politician.
Please refer to :: santoshkipathshala.blogspot.com for further elaboration, help, guidance, progress.
काकचेष्टा वकोध्यानं श्वाननिद्रा तथैव च।
अल्पहारी गृहत्यागी विद्धार्थी पञ्च लक्ष्णम्॥
A learner should be quick like a crow in grasping-actions, concentrate like a crane, vigilant a dog, eats less-just sufficient to survive and ready to leave home for the sake of learning. A diplomat-politician should behave like the learner. पीर, बबर्ची, भिश्ती खर :- One should adopt himself according to the circumstances like a dignified person, cook, man who sprays water in the streets and the ass-donkey.
सिंहादेकं बकादेकं शिक्षेच्चत्वारि कुक्कुटात्।
वायसात्पञ्चा षट्शुन स्त्रिणी गर्दभात्॥
शेर से एक, बगुले से एक, मुर्ग़े से चार, कौवे से पाँच, कुत्ते से छह और गधे से तीन बातें सीखें।[चाणक्य नीति 6.15] A diplomat-politician or a civilian should learn, adopt, acquire specific qualities-characteristics from other creatures specially :- 1 each from lion and crane, 3 from ass-donkey, 4 from from cock, 5 from crow and 6 from dog.
As a matter of fact there is not a single species which has not been blesses with some quality which human being can adopt. Scientists are making researches just by concentration over the behavior of birds-animals, such as radar-bat, aeroplane-birds etc.
उत्तम विद्या लीजिये यद्यपि नीच पे होए; One must not hesitate in acquiring excellence-art-expertise if it is available with the out, low caste, a person of low origin.
As a matter of fact there is not a single species which has not been blesses with some quality which human being can adopt. Scientists are making researches just by concentration over the behavior of birds-animals, such as radar-bat, aeroplane-birds etc.
उत्तम विद्या लीजिये यद्यपि नीच पे होए; One must not hesitate in acquiring excellence-art-expertise if it is available with the out, low caste, a person of low origin.
प्रभूतं कार्यमल्पं वा यन्नर: कर्तुमिच्छति।
सर्वारम्भेण तत्कार्य सिन्हादेकं प्रचक्षते॥
कोई भी कैसा भी कार्य हो, शेर की तरह से दिल लगाकर मेहनत से करना चाहिये।[चाणक्य नीति 6.16]One should make whole hearted efforts to accomplish a job undertaken by him, be it small or big. Lion is considered an ideal in this case, as he does his best to kill the animal he has targeted or to defeat rivals in his territory.
One who leaves the job in between, loss (spoil, degrade, lower) his good will, which will certainly harm his reputation and put him to losses one day or the other. One observes that contractors leaves the work incomplete-behind schedule, which spoils their image and they are black listed for the award of future assignments.
Take the case of housing projects in India, almost all big builders-contractors have pocketed trillions of money from ordinary people and invested else where. Then they go to NCLT and the chapter is over. The public is made to suffer. Even the courts are not able to handle such a big volume of cases. Modi-Yogi government too is reluctant to act against them.
इन्द्रियाणि च संयम्य बकवत् पण्डितो नर:।
देशकालबलं ज्ञात्वा सर्वकार्याणि साधयेत्॥
विद्वान (समझदार, बुद्धिमान) व्यक्ति अपनी इन्द्रियों को बगुले की तरह वश में करके, देश, काल-समय, अपने बल (सामर्थ्य, योग्यता, क्षमता) को ध्यान में रखकर ही अपने सभी कार्यों-लक्ष्य को पूरा करता है।[चाणक्य नीति 6.17] One who concentrate with all his ability (strength, prudence, intelligence, capacity, capability) over his target (aim, goal, endeavour, project, ambition), according to time & country like the crane; achieve success in life.
Crane stands over one foot near the pond quietly and engulfs the fish as soon as it comes in its range.
As far as possible one must concentrate over one thing, at a time. With reference to a state, it should not face, invite, target many enemies at a time or attack so many of them at a time. Isolate the weaker ones and handle them with care.
Let more people-who have specialisation, perfection, mastery over it, be involved to accomplish the job. Jobs may be decentralised as per need of the situation. Keep the reins in own hands and review the out come and adjust the programs accordingly. Fine tuning of the project is desirable.
Never crave for more than own ability, power, strength, vigour. Competition should be in healthy spirit. There should be no scope for deception, cheating from own side but opposite side may be bent upon defeating one using fair or foul means. Never forget punishing the one who unnecessarily create hindrances at the most opportunate time & situation.
Crane stands over one foot near the pond quietly and engulfs the fish as soon as it comes in its range.
As far as possible one must concentrate over one thing, at a time. With reference to a state, it should not face, invite, target many enemies at a time or attack so many of them at a time. Isolate the weaker ones and handle them with care.
Let more people-who have specialisation, perfection, mastery over it, be involved to accomplish the job. Jobs may be decentralised as per need of the situation. Keep the reins in own hands and review the out come and adjust the programs accordingly. Fine tuning of the project is desirable.
Never crave for more than own ability, power, strength, vigour. Competition should be in healthy spirit. There should be no scope for deception, cheating from own side but opposite side may be bent upon defeating one using fair or foul means. Never forget punishing the one who unnecessarily create hindrances at the most opportunate time & situation.
सुश्रान्तोSपि व्हेद् भारं शीतोष्णं च न पश्यति।
संतुष्टश्चरति नित्यं त्रीणि शिक्षेच्च गर्दभात्॥6.18॥
गधे से ये तीन बातें सीखें :- अपना बोझ स्वयं ढोना, सर्दी गर्मी की चिंता नहीं करना और सदा संतुष्ट रहना।[चाणक्य नीति 6.18] An intelligent, prudent, enlightened person can learn these 3 things (traits, characters) from the ass :- (1). It keeps on carrying weight in spite of tiredness, (2). It works through all seasons without worrying about cold or heat and (3). He remain satisfied by grazing any where.
No doubt one gets tired after longer hours of duties-work and feels sleepy. He may commit blunders during this span of responsibilities. Though its not easy, yet its not difficult as well. Practices helps a lot during such situations. One has to tolerate strain for achieving his targets, he must do so.
No doubt one gets tired after longer hours of duties-work and feels sleepy. He may commit blunders during this span of responsibilities. Though its not easy, yet its not difficult as well. Practices helps a lot during such situations. One has to tolerate strain for achieving his targets, he must do so.
So, always fatigue-over burden.
One will find people working against all odds pertaining to season (climates, weather). Its up to one, how he trains his body. One will find people working in Sahara desert, Tundra, Siberia or the places, where temperatures touch minus 67 degrees centigrade. See the people who are at work at the 100th story of a mega structure. Nothing is difficult-impossible for the human beings once decision is taken. Determination will definitely bless with success.
One will find people working against all odds pertaining to season (climates, weather). Its up to one, how he trains his body. One will find people working in Sahara desert, Tundra, Siberia or the places, where temperatures touch minus 67 degrees centigrade. See the people who are at work at the 100th story of a mega structure. Nothing is difficult-impossible for the human beings once decision is taken. Determination will definitely bless with success.
I found Indians working late night till 2 o'clock in USA. Indian company was exploiting its workers in 2,009.
As far food is concerned one can work with the help of little food or the one which is easily available. Over eating is always dangerous.
As far food is concerned one can work with the help of little food or the one which is easily available. Over eating is always dangerous.
Remember vegetarian food-diet is the best.
प्रत्युथानं च युद्धं च संविभागं च बन्धुषु।
स्वयमाक्रम्य भुक्तं च शिक्षेच्चत्वारी कुक्कुटात्॥
सही समय पर उठना, निडरतापूर्वक संघर्ष, संपत्ति का रिश्तेदारों में उचित बँटवारा और कष्ट से अपना रोजगार में कष्ट सहन करना मुर्गे से सीखें।[चाणक्य नीति 6.19]An intelligent (prudent, enlightened) person can grasp-learn 4 things (traits, characters) from the cock :- (1). It gets up in the morning & crocks-shouts before Sun rise, (2). Its always eager-ready to fight with the other cocks, (3). It shares its food with the chickens, (4). To bear pain while serving.
Common phrase :- Early to bed early to rise makes man healthy wealthy and wise.
In spite of all odds one must try to get up, before Sun rise. But remember that one should not crock like the cock or frog. Resort to exercise & morning rituals prayers etc. quietly.
There is competition in all walks of life. Its the need of the hour. Reservation may help but not in every, all fields of life. One should be vigilant enough to counter the attacks from the enemy side, opponents, competitors. In fact reservation is a curse like a cancer for the upper caste able, intelligent, capable youth. Even after three generation, these people are enjoying reservations.
What ever is earned should be shared with the family including elders, parents, grand parents unlike the present generation which throws out the parents, without understanding that they too will grow old and face the music.
While in job one has to face several odds, including senior's misbehaviour and mental torture-agony, harassment. Not only one has to protect himself but also keep the superiors happy through hard work and flattery-undue appreciation.
नौकरी के नौ काम दसवाँ हाँ जी। हम्बे-हम्बे कहना और उसी गाँव में रहना। Yes man ship.
कुछ लोगों के लिये इसका मतलब चमचागीरी, चापलूसी भी हो सकता है, मगर जमीर बेचकर रोजगार करना अच्छा नहीं है। अतः उचित अवसर-मौंका मिलते ही अच्छी नौकरी तलाश कर लेनी चाहिये अथवा धृष्ट अधिकारी को दुरुस्त कर देना चाहिये।
There is competition in all walks of life. Its the need of the hour. Reservation may help but not in every, all fields of life. One should be vigilant enough to counter the attacks from the enemy side, opponents, competitors. In fact reservation is a curse like a cancer for the upper caste able, intelligent, capable youth. Even after three generation, these people are enjoying reservations.
What ever is earned should be shared with the family including elders, parents, grand parents unlike the present generation which throws out the parents, without understanding that they too will grow old and face the music.
While in job one has to face several odds, including senior's misbehaviour and mental torture-agony, harassment. Not only one has to protect himself but also keep the superiors happy through hard work and flattery-undue appreciation.
नौकरी के नौ काम दसवाँ हाँ जी। हम्बे-हम्बे कहना और उसी गाँव में रहना। Yes man ship.
कुछ लोगों के लिये इसका मतलब चमचागीरी, चापलूसी भी हो सकता है, मगर जमीर बेचकर रोजगार करना अच्छा नहीं है। अतः उचित अवसर-मौंका मिलते ही अच्छी नौकरी तलाश कर लेनी चाहिये अथवा धृष्ट अधिकारी को दुरुस्त कर देना चाहिये।
गूढ़ च मैथुन धाष्ट्र्यं काले काले च संग्रहम्।
अप्रमत्तविश्वासं पञ्च शिक्षेच्च वायसात्॥
पत्नी के साथ एकांत में प्रणय, निडरता, उपयोगी वस्तुओ का संचय, सभी ओर दृष्टि और दूसरों पर आसानी से विश्वास ना करना यह कौवे से सीखें।[चाणक्य नीति 6.20] One should learn mating in privacy (with one's wife); boldness; storing away useful items; watchfulness and not easily trusting others are the five qualities to be learned from a crow.
These 5 characteristics should be present in shrewd politicians, diplomats. For a common man too they are equally important.
Shashtr-scriptures prohibit sexual acts in the open, in front of any one, nudity, porn. One should not permit himself to be photographed-video graphed naked or in sexual postures under any circumstances, since these things are counter productive. Even in grossly free-open societies, ministers had to resign due to this reason. If these acts are performed in front of any one, openly, they initiates impotency in the sexual partners. Such activities should be essentially private.
These 5 characteristics should be present in shrewd politicians, diplomats. For a common man too they are equally important.
Shashtr-scriptures prohibit sexual acts in the open, in front of any one, nudity, porn. One should not permit himself to be photographed-video graphed naked or in sexual postures under any circumstances, since these things are counter productive. Even in grossly free-open societies, ministers had to resign due to this reason. If these acts are performed in front of any one, openly, they initiates impotency in the sexual partners. Such activities should be essentially private.
We should discard leaders like Trump. You can find the nude pictures of Obama's mother.
One should be bold enough to snatch what belongs to him. It needs extreme caution and care and attentiveness. One should always store enough food, ration for at least 2-3 months. Governments should maintain stocks for 12 years with extreme care, unlike India where millions of tonnes of grain is wasted away every year due to carelessness-callous attitude of employees, FCI and they remain unpunished. There is yet another foolish act observed in India, first they permit exports at low prices and then they import them at much higher costs. During recent years sugar, onions, wheat are some of the commodities pertaining to this negligence, idiocy. There is deep rooted conspiracy in it.
One should be bold enough to snatch what belongs to him. It needs extreme caution and care and attentiveness. One should always store enough food, ration for at least 2-3 months. Governments should maintain stocks for 12 years with extreme care, unlike India where millions of tonnes of grain is wasted away every year due to carelessness-callous attitude of employees, FCI and they remain unpunished. There is yet another foolish act observed in India, first they permit exports at low prices and then they import them at much higher costs. During recent years sugar, onions, wheat are some of the commodities pertaining to this negligence, idiocy. There is deep rooted conspiracy in it.
Neighbouring countries like Pakistan, Shri Lanka, Bangla Desh, Mayan Mar & Nepal are facing deep crises due to mismanagement.
One must not be lazy, since it always harms him, since he losses as and when he is not quick to the need-demand of the situation. Targets are never met, leading to slipping of business in others pockets.
Faith is an essential component of human behaviour. This society can never run-function without it. But one should be extremely vigilant, cautious, alert. This is the reason trade secrets are passed on to the opponents by the employees-enemy. Plans, programs, ideas, secrets should remain close to the chest otherwise others will be benefited through them, not the one who propounded, discovered them.
One must not be lazy, since it always harms him, since he losses as and when he is not quick to the need-demand of the situation. Targets are never met, leading to slipping of business in others pockets.
Faith is an essential component of human behaviour. This society can never run-function without it. But one should be extremely vigilant, cautious, alert. This is the reason trade secrets are passed on to the opponents by the employees-enemy. Plans, programs, ideas, secrets should remain close to the chest otherwise others will be benefited through them, not the one who propounded, discovered them.
Discoveries made in America were easily stolen-procured by Russia & China & the result is obvious.
बह्वाशी स्वल्प सन्तुष्ट: सुनिद्रो लघुचेतन:।
स्वामीभक्तश्च शूरश्च षडेते श्वानतो गुणा:॥
बहुत भूख हो पर खाने को कुछ ना मिले या कम मिले तो भी संतुष्ट रहना, संतोष करना, गाढ़ी नींद में हो तो भी क्षण में उठ जाना, स्वामी के प्रति वफ़ादारी और निडरता कुत्ते से सीखनी चाहिये।[चाणक्य नीति 6.21] One can acquire six characters from a dog :- (1). It can digest large quantities of food, (2). It remains content-satisfied with whatever it has to eat, (3). It has a sound sleep-deep slumber, (4). It is alert enough to be awake with the slightest sound-noise, (5). Its faithful-unflinching devotion to his master and (6). It attacks the enemy with full strength and bravery.
One should always avoid too much food since consumption of excess food makes him lethargic, lazy and fat-bulky. Such people sleep for longer hours and avoid-shirk work. Their capacity to do work becomes quite low as compared to others. They loss charm, attraction to woman and acquire impotency as well. Employers seldom like such people, specially in army, security and police. One should not expect them to fight.
A slim trim person is welcome every where specially in females. He is attractive, smart, energetic, dashing, full of energy, charm, strength and vigour.
One should always avoid too much food since consumption of excess food makes him lethargic, lazy and fat-bulky. Such people sleep for longer hours and avoid-shirk work. Their capacity to do work becomes quite low as compared to others. They loss charm, attraction to woman and acquire impotency as well. Employers seldom like such people, specially in army, security and police. One should not expect them to fight.
A slim trim person is welcome every where specially in females. He is attractive, smart, energetic, dashing, full of energy, charm, strength and vigour.
य एतान् विंशतिगुणानाचरिष्यति मानव:।
कार्याSवस्थासु सर्वासु अजेय: स भविष्यति॥
जो व्यक्ति इन बीस गुणों पर अमल करेगा वह जीवन में सफल होगा।[चाणक्य नीति 6.22] One who adopts for these characters-qualities can not be defeated by any one. Such people perform their duties, task with full strength-devotion, whole heartedly. Success comes to them automatically. They are liked, admired, respected by every one. Their leadership traits takes them to highest echelons of power and society. They become role models and ideals for the next generations to come.
Each and every animal-living being has one or he other good trait from which the humans can learn.
जिस प्रकार गन्दगी में पड़ा हुआ सोना उठा लिया जाता है, उसी प्रकार मनुष्यों को पशु-पक्षियों के उपयुक्त गुणों को ग्रहण करना चाहिये।
Each and every animal-living being has one or he other good trait from which the humans can learn.
जिस प्रकार गन्दगी में पड़ा हुआ सोना उठा लिया जाता है, उसी प्रकार मनुष्यों को पशु-पक्षियों के उपयुक्त गुणों को ग्रहण करना चाहिये।
"उत्तम विद्या लीजिये यध्यपि नीच पे होए पड़ौ अपावन थोर पे कंचन तजे न कोए"।
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संतोष महादेव-सिद्ध व्यास पीठ, बी ब्लाक, सैक्टर 19, नौयडा
